Comprehensive search for topological materials using symmetry indicators
Open accessAbstract
Over the past decade, topological materials-in which the topology of electron bands in the bulk material leads to robust, unconventional surface states and electromagnetism-have attracted much attention. Although several theoretically proposed topological materials have been experimentally confirmed, extensive experimental exploration of topological properties, as well as applications in realistic devices, has been restricted by the lack of topological materials in which interference from trivial Fermi surface states is minimized. Here we apply our method of symmetry indicators to all suitable nonmagnetic compounds in all 230 possible space groups. A database search reveals thousands of candidate topological materials, of which we highlight 241 topological insulators and 142 topological crystalline insulators that have either noticeable full bandgaps or a considerable direct gap together with small trivial Fermi pockets. Furthermore, we list 692 topological semimetals that have band crossing points located near the Fermi level. These candidate materials open up the possibility of using topological materials in next-generation electronic devices.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The quantum anomalous Hall insulator state has so far been realized only at very low temperatures below 1 K.
“However, it has so far been realized only at very low temperatures (<1 K) (330-332).”
From Transport of Topological Semimetals (2019) · cites this paper as [332]
The quantum anomalous Hall insulator state was first experimentally demonstrated in magnetically doped topological insulators.
“The QAHI state was first experimentally demonstrated in magnetically doped topological insulators (330-332).”
From Transport of Topological Semimetals (2019) · cites this paper as [332]
Cites
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
Perdew, J. P., Burke, K., & Ernzerhof, M. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865 · Cited by 215,824 · see citing works
Topological insulators and superconductors
Qi, X.-L., & Zhang, S.-C. (2011) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.83.1057 · Cited by 14,394 · see citing works
Wan, X., Turner, A. M., Vishwanath, A., & Savrasov, S. Y. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.83.205101 · Cited by 4,718 · see citing works
Self-citationWeyl and Dirac semimetals in three-dimensional solids
Armitage, N. P., Mele, E. J., & Vishwanath, A. (2018) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.90.015001 · Cited by 4,528 · see citing works
Self-citationObservation of a large-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface
Xia, Y., Qian, D., Hsieh, D., Wray, L., Pal, A., Lin, H., Bansil, A., Grauer, D., Hor, Y. S., Cava, R. J., et al. (2009) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1274 · Cited by 3,765 · see citing works
Topological crystalline insulators in the SnTe material class
Hsieh, T. H., Lin, H., Liu, J., Duan, W., Bansil, A., & Fu, L. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1969 · Cited by 1,449 · see citing works
Weyl and Dirac Semimetals in Three Dimensional Solids
Armitage, N. P., Mele, E. J., & Vishwanath, A. (2017) · arXiv
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research
Xu, Y., Liu, X., Cao, X., Huang, C., Liu, E., Qian, S., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Dong, F., Qiu, C.-W., et al. (2021) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100179 · Cited by 1,726 · see citing works
From DFT to machine learning: recent approaches to materials science–a review
Schleder, G. R., Padilha, A. C. M., Acosta, C. M., Costa, M., & Fazzio, A. (2019) · Journal of Physics: Materials · doi:10.1088/2515-7639/ab084b · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Semimetals for high-performance photodetection
Liu, J., Xia, F., Xiao, D., García de Abajo, F. J., & Sun, D. (2020) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-020-0715-7 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Transport of Topological Semimetals
Hu, J., Xu, S.-Y., Ni, N., & Mao, Z. (2019) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-010023 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tang, F., Po, H. C., Vishwanath, A., & Wan, X.
- Affiliations
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wan, Xiangang
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 566
- Issue
- 7745
- Pages
- 486-489
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2883874761
- Cited by
- 761
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 49.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › 2D Materials and Applications
- Keywords
- topological materials, symmetry indicators, topological insulators, topological crystalline insulators, topological semimetals, space groups, band gap, direct band gap
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
