The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 15 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem
Open accessAbstract
The brains of humans and other mammals are highly vulnerable to interruptions in blood flow and decreases in oxygen levels. Here we describe the restoration and maintenance of microcirculation and molecular and cellular functions of the intact pig brain under ex vivo normothermic conditions up to four hours post-mortem. We have developed an extracorporeal pulsatile-perfusion system and a haemoglobin-based, acellular, non-coagulative, echogenic, and cytoprotective perfusate that promotes recovery from anoxia, reduces reperfusion injury, prevents oedema, and metabolically supports the energy requirements of the brain. With this system, we observed preservation of cytoarchitecture; attenuation of cell death; and restoration of vascular dilatory and glial inflammatory responses, spontaneous synaptic activity, and active cerebral metabolism in the absence of global electrocorticographic activity. These findings demonstrate that under appropriate conditions the isolated, intact large mammalian brain possesses an underappreciated capacity for restoration of microcirculation and molecular and cellular activity after a prolonged post-mortem interval.
Overview
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TL;DR
The paper reports that an extracorporeal pulsatile-perfusion system (BrainEx) with a hemoglobin-based, acellular, cytoprotective perfusate restored microcirculation and selected molecular and cellular functions in intact porcine brains after 4 hours postmortem, maintained for 6 hours of ex vivo normothermic perfusion. It found preserved cytoarchitecture, reduced cell death, restored vascular/glial/synaptic and metabolic activity, but no global electrocorticographic activity.
Key findings
- After 4 h postmortem and 6 h perfusion (10 h total), BEx-perfused brains showed patent microvasculature, preserved hippocampal/neocortical/cerebellar cytoarchitecture, reduced activated caspase 3, and maintained neuronal, glial, and myelin architecture compared with 10 h PMI and control-perfusate brains.
- BEx restored vascular dilatory response to nimodipine, glial inflammatory response to LPS (increased IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 relative to other conditions), spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, and active cerebral metabolism.
- At normothermia, average oxygen and glucose expenditure was approximately 2 mL/min/100 g and 6.5 mg/min/100 g tissue, respectively, with an arteriovenous lactate gradient of approximately −1 mmol/L.
- Hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons after BEx perfusion had membrane capacitance 125±43 pF, input resistance 195±63 MΩ, membrane time constant 32.3±8.4 ms, resting potential −71.2±7.0 mV, spike threshold −48±0.6 mV, spike amplitude 80.3±6.1 mV, and spike duration 1.58±0.24 ms; global ECoG remained isoelectric.
Methods
- Isolated, largely ex cranio porcine brains from 6–8 month old domestic pigs were perfused 4 h postmortem for 6 h under normothermic ex vivo conditions using a custom pulsatile-perfusion system and either control perfusate or BEx perfusate; comparison groups were unperfused 10 h PMI and flushed 1 h PMI.
- The study used approximately 300 post-mortem pig brains during technology development, with 32 independent brains undergoing BEx perfusion for the reported data; analyses included ultrasonography, micro-CT angiography, MRI, histology/immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, patch-clamp electrophysiology, ECoG, LPS-induced cytokine/chemokine multiplex assays, and arteriovenous metabolic measurements.
- Data are reported as means ± SEM and analyzed with two-tailed paired/unpaired t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc, Kruskal-Wallis with Benjamini-Krieger-Yekutieli post hoc, or Chi-square tests, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05.
Limitations
- The paper states that no global ECoG/EEG activity reemerged, that it is uncertain whether longer perfusion could restore global activity, and that inhibitory agents in the BEx perfusate may dampen network activity; it also states that restoration of molecular/cellular processes should not be extrapolated to normal brain function or awareness.
- The paper states that delayed cellular death starting 72 h to weeks after ischemia cannot be excluded, that younger animals may have greater resilience to anoxic injury, and that further development, optimization, longer perfusion studies, and ethical standard operating procedures are needed.
- Evident from the text: this is an isolated ex vivo porcine brain model without integrated brain function, and several analyses rely on representative images or small independent-brain sample sizes (e.g., n=3 for some imaging/EM/electrophysiology experiments), which limits generalization.
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Claims the paper makes
91 Own result · 39 Own method · 17 Own interpretation · 4 Sources not found · 4 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
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In the paper
“we observed the presence of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) at a holding potential of −70 mV”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Synaptic organization and neuronal activity
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In the paper
“we found an increase in the percentage of nuclei positive for actCASP3 in CA1 and dentate gyrus across all control groups, indicating that the BEx formulation diminished caspase 3 activation”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
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In the paper
“Color Doppler analysis of BEx-perfused brains revealed robust flow through the major arteries of the brain”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
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In the paper
“spontaneous global activity did not reemerge as evidence by isoelectric ECoG activity during the course of BEx perfusion”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Synaptic organization and neuronal activity
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In the paper
“indicating successful reperfusion throughout the brain via cannulation of the bilateral carotid arteries”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
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In the paper
“Immunostaining for the pan-neuronal marker NeuN/RBFOX3 independently confirmed the same pattern of neuronal integrity in both hippocampal regions”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“we found that nearly all vessel lumens identified were filled with BEx perfusate in both the hippocampus and prefrontal neocortex”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Under BEx-perfused conditions, the neuroanatomical structure remained intact as demonstrated by normal ventricular size, preserved gray-white matter contrast, and delineation among anatomical landmarks (Fig. 3), which were comparable to in vivo brains23–25.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Preservation of tissue integrity
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [23] Schmidt, V. Comparative Anatomy of the Pig Brain: an Integrative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study of the Porcine Brain with Special Emphasis on the External Morphology of the Cerebral Cortex. Thesis, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (2015).
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked yetcites [24] Conrad, M. S., Dilger, R. N. & Johnson, R. W. Brain growth of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) from 2 to 24 weeks of age: a longitudinal MRI study. Dev. Neurosci. 34, 291–298 (2012). source
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- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] Watanabe, H. et al. MR-based statistical atlas of the Göttingen minipig brain. Neuroimage 14, 1089–1096 (2001). source
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In the paper
“Here, we describe the restoration and maintenance of microcirculation and molecular and cellular functions of the intact porcine brain under ex vivo normothermic conditions up to 4-hours postmortem.”
- Also stated in: § Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality · boosted
“Overall, these data demonstrate restoration and maintenance of microvascular patency and dilatory functionality for 6h following a 4h LPP.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
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- Also stated in: § Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality · boosted
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In the paper
“Quantification of the proportion of cells in the CA1 field exhibiting a swollen morphology revealed a decrease under BEx perfusion, as compared to other groups”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
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In the paper
“In BEx specimens, Nissl staining of these areas revealed preserved integrity, which were most comparable to 1h PMI controls”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Preservation of tissue integrity
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“we expected and observed no difference in fiber orientation between 10h PMI and BEx samples”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
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In the paper
“attenuation of cell death”
- Also stated in: § Neuronal viability and myelinated axons · hedged
“indicating that the BEx formulation diminished caspase 3 activation”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Neuronal viability and myelinated axons · hedged
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In the paper
“contrastingly, 10h PMI and CP conditions exhibited stark deterioration”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Preservation of tissue integrity
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In the paper
“spontaneous synaptic activity”
- Also stated in: § Synaptic organization and neuronal activity · plain
“we observed the presence of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) at a holding potential of −70 mV”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Synaptic organization and neuronal activity · plain
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In the paper
“No global electrical activity was observed in the brain before the start of perfusion.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Global electrophysiological monitoring of the brain.
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In the paper
“Global micro-computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed the presence of contrast agent in major arteries and smaller arterioles”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
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In the paper
“Overall quantification of IBA1- and GFAP-positive cells in the neocortex demonstrated preservation of glial cell numbers in BEx perfusion conditions”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Glial structure and inflammatory functionality
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In the paper
“we observe an arteriovenous gradient of approximately −1 mmol/L of lactate”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Global cerebral metabolism
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In the paper
“observing prompt refilling”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
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In the paper
“Betz cells in the primary motor cortex retained their magnopyramidal morphology only under BEx conditions”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Immunofluorescent analysis for the inhibitory neuronal marker, GAD1, revealed preserved cell density among BEx, 1h PMI, and 10h PMI controls as compared to CP conditions”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
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In the paper
“We found robust hemoglobin signal throughout the entire vascular tree, including capillaries, in the hippocampus and prefrontal neocortex of both BEx and 10h PMI brains. Contrastingly, there was negligible fluorescence in CP and 1h PMI controls”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
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In the paper
“restoration of vascular dilatory and glial inflammatory responses”
- Also stated in: § Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality · hedged
“We observed a significant and sustained increase in flow velocity post-intervention, indicating that the vasculature retained dilatory functionality in response to pharmacological stimulation”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
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“Analysis of myelin basic protein (MBP) revealed a greater proportion of fibers in 1h PMI and CP conditions that formed angles between 0–60° to the pial surface as compared to BEx specimens”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
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In the paper
“No such electrical activity was ever observed.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Global electrophysiological monitoring of the brain.
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In the paper
“preservation of cytoarchitecture”
- Also stated in: § Preservation of tissue integrity · plain
“In BEx specimens, Nissl staining of these areas revealed preserved integrity, which were most comparable to 1h PMI controls”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Preservation of tissue integrity · plain
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In the paper
“Quantification of the number of presynaptic vesicles revealed a maintenance of the vesicular pool only in BEx and 1h PMI conditions, in contrast to 10h PMI and CP”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Synaptic organization and neuronal activity
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In the paper
“Staining for the excitatory neuronal marker, neurogranin (NRGN), also revealed preserved excitatory neuron density between BEx and 1h PMI controls, as compared to other conditions which demonstrated clear cellular destruction”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
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In the paper
“substantiated by the presence of BEx perfusate in the extensive cortical vasculature”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
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In the paper
“absence of global electrocorticographic activity”
- Also stated in: § Synaptic organization and neuronal activity · plain
“isoelectric ECoG activity during the course of BEx perfusion”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Synaptic organization and neuronal activity · plain
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In the paper
“active cerebral metabolism”
- Also stated in: § Global cerebral metabolism · boosted
“Overall, these data evidence a resurgence of global cerebral metabolism in intact postmortem brains under ex vivo normothermic conditions.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
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In the paper
“at no point did we observe the kind of organized global electrical activity associated with awareness, perception, or other higher-order brain functions.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion
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In the paper
“restoration of vascular dilatory and glial inflammatory responses”
- Also stated in: § Glial structure and inflammatory functionality · plain
“Under BEx conditions, we observed an increase in interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 relative to other conditions”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Glial structure and inflammatory functionality · plain
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In the paper
“Intravascular hemoglobin fluorescent signal in the occipital neocortex and cerebellar cortex, respectively, demonstrating perfused precapillary arterioles (arrowhead) and capillaries (arrow) in both 10h PMI controls and BEx perfusion.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
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In the paper
“Micro-CT Angiography demonstrates patency of major arterial vessels as well as arterioles in both the occipital lobe as well as cerebellum.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
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In the paper
“Power waveform analysis from a representative control perfusate brain at 6h LOP demonstrating Phase 4 dynamics with corresponding trace (right) depicting MFV of 0 cm/s.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Nissl stains of the primary motor cortex reveal preserved Betz cell (arrows) structure under BEx perfusion conditions, despite these cells having been axotomized following decapitation.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Intervening in Phase 3 with an increase in mean arterial pressure resulted in a transient increase in flow (red trace vs pink trace) that reverted back to negligible forward flow soon after in Phase 4 (red and blue trace vs pink and sky blue).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“One-way ANOVA (P<0.001, F[3,20] = 16.33) with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustment; n=6 brains per group.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confocal maximum intensity projections of immunohistochemical stains for astrocytes (GFAP; red) and microglia (IBA-1; green) with DAPI (blue) counterstain in the CA1 and Dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus evidences preservation of glial cell structure under BEx perfusion conditions.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pyramidal-shaped cell bodies as well as apical and basal dendrites are present in both 1h PMI and BEx perfused brains.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One-way ANOVA (NRGN+: P=0.002, F[3,20] = 7.018; GAD1+: P<0.001, F[3,20] = 9.153) with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustment.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Blood vessel lumen (bl) is filled with electron-dense material, which represents the hemoglobin-based BEx perfusate.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As compared to 1h PMI controls, microglia display a more phagocytic morphology with shortened cellular processes.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One-way ANOVA (P<0.001, F[3,20] = 10.78) with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustment; P-values specified within; n=6 animals per group.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Blood vessel lumen (bl) is filled with electron-dense material (*), which represents the hemoglobin-based BEx perfusate.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, ependymal cells from BEx-perfused brains, show ultrastructure characteristic of normal cells, such as continuity of the cell membrane that covers cilia (c) and produces filopodia (f), tight junctions between adjacent cells, and intact mitochondria with electron dense matrix.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nissl stains (top) with higher magnification of boxed area (below) of the prefrontal neocortex demonstrating preserved neuronal structure and anatomical cytoarchitecture in BEx perfused brains.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quantification of examined capillaries that are filled with the BEx perfusate evidences that the vast majority of capillaries are patent and perfused.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One-way ANOVA (P<0.001, F[3,20] = 82.3) with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustment.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One-way ANOVA (NRGN+: P=0.002, F[3,20] = 7.018; GAD1+: P<0.001, F[3,20] = 9.153) with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustment.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall myelinated axons (MA) exhibit similar morphology across all experimental groups.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In comparison to 1h PMI and control perfusate conditions, the fluorescent signal is found in precapillary arterioles (arrowhead) and capillaries (arrow) of both 10h PMI controls and BEx perfusate.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“3D rendering of high-resolution specimen-CTA of the hippocampus of BEx-perfused brain revealing extensive vascular network (left).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One-way ANOVA (P<0.001, F[3,20] = 224.6) with post-hoc Dunnett’s adjustment; n=6 brains per condition; NS, not significant.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Phase 1 is defined by a normal, low-resistance waveform; phase 2 displayed an increase in PSV, narrowed systole, and decreased EDV; phase 3 demonstrates decreased PSV and loss of EDV; phase 4 exhibits a reverberated “no-flow” phenomenon.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 10h PMI and control perfusate specimens, GAD1 staining reveals contracted cell bodies (arrows) with a loss of GAD1-positive somal contacts as compared to 1h PMI and BEx perfusion.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In each phase, there is a corresponding decrease in the relative mean flow velocity (MFV), culminating in negligible net forward flow (reverberated pattern) in Phase 4 (6h LOP).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each phase occurs in chronological order during the experimental timeline, revealing a progressive deterioration of the low-resistance pressure waveform structure.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Contrastingly, power waveform analysis from a representative BEx perfusate brain taken at 6h LOP demonstrates that at this time point BEx perfusion exhibits Phase 1 dynamics.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, these data evidence a resurgence of global cerebral metabolism in intact postmortem brains under ex vivo normothermic conditions.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Global cerebral metabolism
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with the appropriate intervention, the brain retains a greater potential for metabolic and neurophysiologic resilience to anoxic/ischemic insult than is currently appreciated.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings demonstrate that under appropriate conditions the isolated, intact large mammalian brain possesses a yet underappreciated capacity for restoration of microcirculation and molecular and cellular activity after a prolonged postmortem interval.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
“These findings demonstrate that with the appropriate intervention, the large mammalian brain retains a previously underappreciated capacity for restoration of certain molecular and cellular functions multiple hours after circulatory arrest.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, after a 6h LOP following a 4h LPP, we found the presence of functionally-viable pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Synaptic organization and neuronal activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, these findings indicate that a combinatorial approach to addressing anoxic/ischemic injury is capable with restoring and maintaining certain molecular and cellular functions in the brain even hours postmortem.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the porcine brain represents an appropriate experimental model for studying brain responses to global anoxia as it more closely resembles the human brain than the smaller, lissencephalic brain of rodents”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings indicate that molecular and cellular deterioration in the brain after circulatory arrest seems to follow a protracted process, instead of occurring within a singular, narrowly defined temporal window.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the use of a synthetic cytoprotective perfusate and extracorporeal perfusion system to restore and maintain microcirculation as well as molecular and cellular functions in the large mammalian brain under normothermic ex vivo conditions following an extended PMI.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that BEx perfusion mitigated the signs of cytotoxic edema-associated ischemic injury”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“the acellularity of the BEx perfusate may have allowed ubiquitous microvascular reperfusion by circumventing many of the thrombotic, vascular, perivascular, and/or hemolytic mechanisms previously reported to cause perfusion deficits70–72.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [70]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [71]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [72]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, we conclude that the observed decrease in actCASP3 in these conditions is likely caused by protein degradation following extensive cellular disintegration”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that the organization and/or summation of synaptic activity of individual neurons was inadequate to elicit detectable network activity as assessed by ECoG”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Synaptic organization and neuronal activity
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The observed restoration of molecular and cellular processes following 4h of global anoxia/ischemia should not be extrapolated to signify resurgence of normal brain function.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, some moderately damaged, yet visibly intact, cells under control perfusate conditions make contact with entirely destroyed adjacent cells (pink), indicating a destruction of the continuum of the ependymal layer.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 62
- The quote only partly states this claim. 8
- Probably not a substantial claim. 48
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Neuronal membrane capacitance (Cm=125±43 pF), input resistance (Rin=195±63 MΩ), membrane time constant (τm=32.3±8.4 ms), and membrane resting potential (Vm=−71.2±7.0 mV) were in accordance with previous values37.”
- Also stated in: § Synaptic organization and neuronal activity · plain
“the action potential parameters (spike threshold=−48±0.6 mV, spike amplitude=80.3±6.1 mV, spike duration=1.58±0.24 ms) were similar to previous literature38”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Synaptic organization and neuronal activity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [37] Kowalski, J., Gan, J., Jonas, P. & Pernía-Andrade, A. J. Intrinsic membrane properties determine hippocampal differential firing pattern in vivo in anesthetized rats. Hippocampus 26, 668–682 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22550. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) says that input resistance and membrane time constant are preserved between hippocampal slices and in vivo recordings, supporting a comparison for those two properties. Table 1 (Results; page unavailable) reports cell-type-specific in vivo values for input resistance, time constant, and resting potential, but the paper does not establish that all four cited measurements—including capacitance—accord with the quoted slice values. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Partly supportedcites [38] Simkin, D. et al. Aging-related hyperexcitability in CA3 pyramidal neurons is mediated by enhanced A-type K+ channel function and expression. J. Neurosci. 35, 13206–13218 (2015). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Table 1 (p. 13211) reports resting potentials near the cited −71.2 mV, but input resistance is about 80–85 MΩ, not 195 MΩ. The paper does not report the cited capacitance or membrane time constant, and its brain-slice methods describe aCSF perfusion rather than BEx perfusion. Thus it supports only part of the comparison with previous values. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Synaptic organization and neuronal activity · plain
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Arteriovenous gradients demonstrated consistent consumption of glucose and oxygen as the brains reached normothermia, with a concurrent production in CO2 and a physiological drop in pH39.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Global cerebral metabolism
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [39] Lam, T. I. et al. Intracellular pH reduction prevents excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal death by inhibiting NADPH oxidase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, E4362–E4368 (2013). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion describes neuronal acidification during ischemia and pH changes associated with physiological brain activity, but it does not report arteriovenous measurements as brains reached normothermia. Searches for arteriovenous gradients, glucose and oxygen consumption, and CO2 production found no passage addressing those observations. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“10h PMI brains exhibited a deterioration of gray-white matter contrast, reduction in LCC and APD, as well as collapse of the lateral ventricles”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Preservation of tissue integrity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CP brains demonstrated pervasive tissue damage, decreased global signal intensity, ventricular expansion, along with increased LCC, APD, and gray-white matter contrast, indicating the presence of edema”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Preservation of tissue integrity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analysis of the prefrontal neocortex also provided evidence for preservation of both neuronal cell morphology and density under BEx conditions”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Under BEx conditions, we observed an increase in interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 relative to other conditions”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Glial structure and inflammatory functionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed a significant and sustained increase in flow velocity post-intervention, indicating that the vasculature retained dilatory functionality in response to pharmacological stimulation”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“EM analyses indicated preservation of pre-synaptic vesicular structure in BEx conditions as compared to 1h PMI, with substantial degradation in 10h PMI and CP brains”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Synaptic organization and neuronal activity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All recorded neurons responded to supra-threshold depolarizing current stimuli with repetitive action potential firing (Fig. 6c) and expressed both voltage-gated fast Na+ currents and delayed-rectifier K+ currents (Fig. 6d).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Synaptic organization and neuronal activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The epidural temperature following the craniectomy ranged from 12–15°C.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Preparation and perfusion of the post-mortem porcine brain.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these cells displayed contracted cytoplasmic morphology and a loss of somal GAD1-positive axonal contacts”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we measured the wet-to-dry weight of cerebral samples (Fig. 3b), and observed a decrease in water content in 10h PMI controls and an increase in CP conditions, with no significant difference between 1h PMI and BEx perfusate brains”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Preservation of tissue integrity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“found a decrease in the bundle density under 10h PMI and CP conditions, demonstrating an overall deterioration of axonal architecture; in contrast, there was no difference in bundle density between 1h PMI and BEx perfusion”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, these data demonstrate restoration and maintenance of microvascular patency and dilatory functionality for 6h following a 4h LPP.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At normothermia, the average oxygen and glucose expenditure was approximately 2 mL/min/100 g and 6.5 mg/min/100 g tissue, respectively”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Global cerebral metabolism
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mitochondria in BEx perfusion conditions demonstrated normal ultrastructure”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Preservation of tissue integrity
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Assessment of neuronal density also revealed comparable values between BEx and 1h PMI controls in both CA1 and dentate gyrus, with a reduction in 10h PMI and CP conditions”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Neuronal viability and myelinated axons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“prevents edema”
- Also stated in: § Preservation of tissue integrity · plain
“with no significant difference between 1h PMI and BEx perfusate brains”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Preservation of tissue integrity · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“our findings indicate that oxygen consumption rates were comparable with previously reported in vivo values55, but glucose consumption was higher than normal56 yet in line with rates reported for brains recovering from prolonged global ischemia57.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“venous concentrations of both sodium and potassium normalized into physiological range after one hour of perfusion, potentially signaling the restoration of active Na+/K+ homeostasis”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Global cerebral metabolism
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In BEx perfusate conditions, oligodendrocytes demonstrate normal ultrastructure with numerous cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer), and mitochondria have electron-dense matrix and many cristae.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BEx and 10h PMI conditions demonstrate an increase in number of axons orthogonally oriented to the pial surface, while 1h PMI and control perfusate specimens exhibit an increase in axons oriented in more acute angles.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedcorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the hippocampal white matter of 1h PMI, 10h PMI, and control perfusate conditions, numerous cells contain segments of destroyed cytoplasm (pink), while oligodendrocytes have light cytoplasm with numerous vacuoles and swollen mitochondria (yellow); in 10h PMI samples, mitochondria may not be visible due to extensive destruction.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Micro-computed tomography angiogram (CTA) demonstrates patency of major arterial vessels as well as arterioles (left).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that neurons exhibit a swollen morphology in 1h PMI, and significant cellular destruction in 10h PMI and control perfusate conditions (arrowheads), while neurons in the BEx perfusion condition display typical elongated morphology (arrows).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Phase 1 is defined by a normal, low-resistance waveform; phase 2 displayed an increase in PSV, narrowed systole, and decreased EDV; phase 3 demonstrates decreased PSV and loss of EDV; phase 4 exhibits a reverberated “no-flow” phenomenon.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 1h PMI controls, certain mitochondria display normal ultrastructure and electron-dense matrix (m), while others exhibit a more swollen morphology (yellow).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Contrastingly, in 10h PMI conditions ependymal cells demonstrate lightened cytoplasm with numerous vacuoles (v) and swollen mitochondria (yellow). Although adherence junctions (aj) are preserved, the cell membrane is destroyed in several positions.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Power waveform analysis from a representative control perfusate brain during Phase 3 with corresponding trace (right) evidencing a MFV of 3 cm/s.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is evidence of clear cell destruction and the presence of enlarged vacuoles under 10h PMI and control perfusate conditions (arrowheads).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedcorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Phase 1 is defined by a normal, low-resistance waveform; phase 2 displayed an increase in PSV, narrowed systole, and decreased EDV; phase 3 demonstrates decreased PSV and loss of EDV; phase 4 exhibits a reverberated “no-flow” phenomenon.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nissl stains (top) with higher magnification of boxed area (below) of the occipital neocortex demonstrating preserved regional cytoarchitectonics as well as neuronal structure in BEx perfused brains.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At 1h PMI there is robust nuclear localization of cleaved caspase-3 across all brain regions; however, this signal decreases with increased post-mortem intervals.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pericytes and endothelial cells (highlighted semitransparent green and blue, respectively) demonstrate normal ultrastructure and contain cell nuclei (N), mitochondria (m), and cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer). Adherence junctions between endothelial cells (aj) are visible.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
boostedn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Phase 1 is defined by a normal, low-resistance waveform; phase 2 displayed an increase in PSV, narrowed systole, and decreased EDV; phase 3 demonstrates decreased PSV and loss of EDV; phase 4 exhibits a reverberated “no-flow” phenomenon.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximum intensity projections of the excitatory neuron marker, Neurogranin (NRGN; green), show a preservation of typical morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons under BEx perfusion (arrows), with swollen morphology under 1h PMI conditions (arrow).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An inverted pyramidal neuron structure is also appreciable under BEx perfusion (arrow).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These compounds, as well as neuronal activity blockers, are washed out during the preparation of acute hippocampal slices for electrophysiological recordings, possibly explaining the observed discrepancy between whole cell patch-clamp recordings and global cortical activity.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the chamber is temperature-controlled and maintains a relative humidity level ~95% to prevent the surface of the brain from drying, since the brain is not bathed in fluid.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > BEx technology.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Global electrophysiological monitoring was performed throughout the experimental timeline.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Overview of BEx technology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In total, these procedures required approximately 10 mins to complete, thereby subjecting brains to this length of warm anoxia.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Preparation and perfusion of the post-mortem porcine brain.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all experiments, the cerebral perfusate flow was monitored and arterial pressure adjusted appropriately to maintain relatively constant cerebral flow.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Preparation and perfusion of the post-mortem porcine brain.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For reproducibility and comparisons all measurements were conducted on pericallosal artery anterior to the genu of corpus callosum.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Ultrasonography.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“the rodent brain comprising only 14% white matter, while pig and human approximate 30 and 50%, respectively61,62.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the increased plasticity in younger-aged brains may have contributed to the overall cellular recovery.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to the surgical preparation, the cranial nerves were transected and the spinal nerve roots and dorsal root ganglia were removed, which precludes potential transmission of noxious stimuli to the brain.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Preparation and perfusion of the post-mortem porcine brain.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Global electrical activity was measured during the experimental timeline via two independent methods: commercially-available, clinical-grade BIS™ brain monitoring system (Medtronic) and 5×4 platinum-iridium electrode grid (AD-Tech; Racine, Wisconsin; Cat #: FG20C-SP10X-000) with an exposed surface of 2.8 mm and a 10 mm contact spacing covering the frontal-parieto-occipital convexity.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Global electrophysiological monitoring of the brain.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“previous work has shown that younger animals demonstrate a greater resilience to anoxic injury than adults58”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Discussion > Supplementary Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For all staining procedures except for intravascular hemoglobin fluorescence detection, tissue sections from each experimental group were co-stained on the same slide.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Tissue processing and histology.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that the microvasculature under BEx perfusion is patent and maintaining flow”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Results > Microcirculation and vascular dilatory functionality
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“32 independent brains underwent BEx perfusion, data from which are presented herein.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Preparation and perfusion of the post-mortem porcine brain.
plainn = 32- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“approximately 300 post-mortem pig brains were utilized from USDA-approved food production facilities during the process of technology development (surgical approach, vascular isolation, device configuration, perfusate formulation and so on) and the final study described herein.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Preparation and perfusion of the post-mortem porcine brain.
plainn = 300- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Figure 2 (a-c) Ultrasonography data are from a representative brain; the experiment was repeated in n = 15 independent brains with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Statistics and Reproducibility.
plainn = 15- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For quantifying fiber bundle density, three representative (8x) brightfield images were taken from each biological replicate and randomized.”
- Also stated in: § Histological data analysis and quantification. · plain
“A blinded observer counted the number of fiber bundles present per image.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Histological data analysis and quantification.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Histological data analysis and quantification. · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Series resistance was always compensated by 70–80% and monitored throughout the experiment.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Brain slice electrophysiology.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tissue sections were imaged utilizing an LSM880 confocal microscope (Zeiss; Jena, Germany) equipped with a motorized stage using 10x (0.3 NA) or 20x (0.8 NA) objective lenses with identical settings across all experimental conditions.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Microscopy and image processing.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Figure 4 (a) Images are from a representative brain per condition; the experiment was repeated in n=6 independent brains per condition with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Statistics and Reproducibility.
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Membrane voltage was corrected off-line for a calculated liquid junction potential of −10 mV.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Brain slice electrophysiology.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 41 capillaries across n=3 independent brains were analyzed.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Representative images were accumulated from each biological replicate from all experimental groups and randomized.”
- Also stated in: § Histological data analysis and quantification. · boosted
“Measurements were made by a blinded observer from the white matter boundary to layer 1, which could be clearly delineated by the presence of dense horizontal fibers.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Histological data analysis and quantification.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Histological data analysis and quantification. · boosted
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Image is from a representative brain; the experiment was repeated in n=3 independent brains with similar results”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A blinded observer manually counted DAPI+ objects and actCASP3+ objects utilizing the cell counter function in ImageJ software (NIH).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Histological data analysis and quantification.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Images are from a representative brain per condition; the experiment was repeated in n=3 independent brains per condition with similar results”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Images are from a representative brain from each condition; experiments were repeated in n=3 independent brains per group.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data are from a representative rendering; the experiment was repeated in n=3 independent brains with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For all cell marker stains, cells were excluded if below a minimum intensity level, exhibiting cellular vacuoles greater than the size of the nucleus, or demonstrating clear cellular destruction.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Histological data analysis and quantification.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 54 capillaries were examined across n=3 independent brains.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Image is from a representative capillary; a total of 54 capillaries were identified across n=3 independent brains.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Images are from a representative brain from each condition; experiments were repeated in n=3 independent brains per group with similar results.”
- Also stated in: § Extended Data · plain
“Images are from a representative brain from each condition; experiments were repeated in n=3 independent brains per group with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Extended Data · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For both (a & b), images are from a representative brain from each condition; experiments were repeated in n=3 independent brains per group with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Traces are from representative brains; the experiment was repeated in n=3 independent brains for each condition with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Confocal tile scans (using the 10x or 20x objectives described above) of tissue sections stained for GFAP, IBA1, NRGN, and GAD1 were normalized to identical image surface area, randomized, and subsequently analyzed by a blinded observer for the objects of interest.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Histological data analysis and quantification.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A blinded observer processed the images as described above and manually counted objects of interest and morphology utilizing the cell counter function in ImageJ software (NIH).”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Histological data analysis and quantification.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Images are from a representative brain per condition; the experiment was repeated in n=3 independent brains with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Image is from a representative capillary; a total of 41 capillaries were identified across n=3 independent brains.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Images are from a representative brain from each condition; experiments were repeated in n=6 independent brains per group with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Traces are from a representative brain; the experiment was repeated in n=3 independent brains with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Images are from representative brains for each brain region; experiments were repeated in n=3 independent brains per group with similar results.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Image adjustments were uniformly applied to all experimental conditions in Zeiss Zen.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Microscopy and image processing.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pairwise comparisons by two-tailed Chi-square analysis with Yates correction with df=1 and n=786 axons were analyzed per pairwise comparison; P-values specified within; n=3 brains per condition.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Synapses in the hippocampal CA1 stratum oriens were imaged by a blind operator and 8 randomly chosen synapses per animal per condition (approximately 24 synapses/condition) were subjected to analysis by another blind observer.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Methods > Electron microscopy (EM).
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In comparison to 1h PMI and control perfusate conditions, fluorescent signal is found in precapillary arterioles (arrowhead) and capillaries (arrow) of both 10h PMI controls and BEx perfusate, indicating that the BEx perfusate reperfuses cerebral microcirculation.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
hedgeddirectn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“n=3 measurements taken from 3 independent brains per condition.”
§ Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours postmortem > Extended Data
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Absence of global electrical activity detectable by BIS and ECoG indicates absence of remnant awareness.
“electrical activity was also examined to confirm that the brain did not display activity consistent with remnant awareness.”
“No such electrical activity was ever observed.”
Citations
Cites
Thrombectomy for Stroke at 6 to 16 Hours with Selection by Perfusion Imaging
Albers, G. W., Marks, M. P., Kemp, S. M., Christensen, S., Tsai, J. P.-C., Ortega‐Gutiérrez, S., McTaggart, R., Torbey, M., Kim‐Tenser, M. A., Leslie‐Mazwi, T. M., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1713973 · Cited by 5,105
Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view
Dirnagl, U., Iadecola, C., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1999) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01401-0 · Cited by 3,943
Cell Damage in the Brain: A Speculative Synthesis
Siesjö, B. K. (1981) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1981.18 · Cited by 1,813
Cerebral ischemia. II. The no-reflow phenomenon.
Ames, A., Rl, W., Kowada, M., Thurston, J. M., & Majno, G. (1968) · PubMed · Cited by 1,371
Cerebral blood flow regulation and neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
Kisler, K., Nelson, A. R., Montagne, A., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.48 · Cited by 1,243
The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanisms
Lee, J.-M., Zipfel, G. J., & Choi, D. W. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/399a007 · Cited by 1,102
Selective vulnerability of the hippocampus in brain ischemia
Schmidt‐Kastner, R., & Freund, T. F. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90001-5 · Cited by 896
KIDNEY PRESERVATION FOR TRANSPORTATION
Collins, G. M., Bravo‐Shugarman, M., & Terasaki, P. I. (1969) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)90753-3 · Cited by 741
A universal scaling law between gray matter and white matter of cerebral cortex
Zhang, K., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.090504197 · Cited by 723
A new penumbra: transitioning from injury into repair after stroke
Lo, E. H. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1735 · Cited by 611
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Schmidt, V. Comparative Anatomy of the Pig Brain: an Integrative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study of the Porcine Brain with Special Emphasis on the External Morphology of the Cerebral Cortex. Thesis, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (2015).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nolan, J. P., Sandroni, C., Böttiger, B. W., Cariou, A., Cronberg, T., Friberg, H., Genbrugge, C., Haywood, K. L., Lilja, G., Moulaert, V. R. M., et al. (2021) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06368-4 · Cited by 1,132
Nolan, J. P., Soar, J., Cariou, A., Cronberg, T., Moulaert, V. R. M., Deakin, C. D., Böttiger, B. W., Friberg, H., Sunde, K., & Sandroni, C. (2015) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-015-4051-3 · Cited by 950
Nolan, J. P., Sandroni, C., Böttiger, B. W., Cariou, A., Cronberg, T., Friberg, H., Genbrugge, C., Haywood, K. L., Lilja, G., Moulaert, V. R. M., et al. (2021) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.012 · Cited by 751
Domínguez‐Gil, B., Ascher, N. L., Capron, A. M., Gardiner, D. D., Manara, A. R., Bernat, J. L., Miñambres, E., Singh, J. M., Porte, R. J., Markmann, J. F., et al. (2021) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06341-7 · Cited by 171
New and emerging approaches to treat psychiatric disorders
Scangos, K. W., State, M. W., Miller, A. H., Baker, J. T., & Williams, L. M. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02197-0 · Cited by 164
Metadata
- Authors
- Vrselja, Z., Daniele, S. G., Silbereis, J., Talpo, F., Morozov, Y. M., Sousa, A. M. M., Tanaka, B. S., Skarica, M., Pletikos, M., Kaur, N., Zhuang, Z. W., Liu, Z., Alkawadri, R., Sinusas, A. J., Latham, S. R., Waxman, S. G., & Sestan, N.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-04-17
- Volume
- 568
- Issue
- 7752
- Pages
- 336-343
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6844189
- OpenAlex
- W2939414360
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 49
- FWCI
- 41.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- erevistas.uca.edu.ar
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- Revista de Psicología (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Repositorio Institucional UCA (Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1s10od021845-01, 2r01mh113257-06, UL1TR001863)
- National Institute of Mental Health (#R01-MH113257, RF1MH117064)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007205)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Organ Donation and Transplantation
- Keywords
- cerebral microcirculation, pulsatile perfusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cerebral edema, brain energy metabolism, synaptic activity, glial inflammation, cell death, pig brain, normothermic perfusion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autopsy, Brain, Cell Survival, Hypoxia, Brain, Cerebral Arteries, Brain Ischemia, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Disease Models, Animal, Inflammation, Microcirculation, Neuroglia, Neurons, Perfusion, Swine, Synapses, Time Factors, Vasodilation, Reperfusion Injury, Caspase 3
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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