Tuning element distribution, structure and properties by composition in high-entropy alloys
Abstract
High-entropy alloys are a class of materials that contain five or more elements in near-equiatomic proportions 1,2 . Their unconventional compositions and chemical structures hold promise for achieving unprecedented combinations of mechanical properties 3-8 . Rational design of such alloys hinges on an understanding of the composition-structure-property relationships in a near-infinite compositional space 9,10 . Here we use atomic-resolution chemical mapping to reveal the element distribution of the widely studied face-centred cubic CrMnFeCoNi Cantor alloy 2 and of a new face-centred cubic alloy, CrFeCoNiPd. In the Cantor alloy, the distribution of the five constituent elements is relatively random and uniform. By contrast, in the CrFeCoNiPd alloy, in which the palladium atoms have a markedly different atomic size and electronegativity from the other elements, the homogeneity decreases considerably; all five elements tend to show greater aggregation, with a wavelength of incipient concentration waves 11,12 as small as 1 to 3 nanometres. The resulting nanoscale alternating tensile and compressive strain fields lead to considerable resistance to dislocation glide. In situ transmission electron microscopy during straining experiments reveals massive dislocation cross-slip from the early stage of plastic deformation, resulting in strong dislocation interactions between multiple slip systems. These deformation mechanisms in the CrFeCoNiPd alloy, which differ markedly from those in…
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Self-citationA dual-phase alloy with ultrahigh strength-ductility synergy over a wide temperature range
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Chemical inhomogeneities in high-entropy alloys help mitigate the strength-ductility trade-off
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Rapid Joule-Heating Synthesis for Manufacturing High-Entropy Oxides as Efficient Electrocatalysts
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Self-citationShort-range order strengthening in boron-doped high-entropy alloys for cryogenic applications
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High entropy alloy electrocatalysts: a critical assessment of fabrication and performance
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Self-citationEnhanced strength-ductility synergy via novel bifunctional nano-precipitates in a high-entropy alloy
Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Fan, M., Wang, X., Wu, G., Yang, Z., Luan, J., Jiao, Z., Liu, C. T., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Plasticity · doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2022.103235 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
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Self-citationSingle-phase high-entropy alloys – A critical update
Steurer, W. (2020) · Materials Characterization · doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110179 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Xiao, J., Tan, H., Wu, Y.-Q., Chen, J., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Surface and Coatings Technology · doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125430 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
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Atomic faulting induced exceptional cryogenic strain hardening in gradient cell–structured alloy
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Self-citationAtomic-scale evidence of chemical short-range order in CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy
Zhou, L., Wang, Q., Wang, J., Chen, X., Jiang, P., Zhou, H., Yuan, F., Wu, X., Cheng, Z., & Ma, E. (2021) · Acta Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117490 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
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Fracture and wear mechanisms of FeMnCrNiCo + x(TiC) composite high-entropy alloy cladding layers
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Frontiers in high entropy alloys and high entropy functional materials
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Self-citationSi-addition contributes to overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in high-entropy alloys
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Tang, J., Xu, J. L., Ye, Z. G., Li, X., & Luo, J. (2020) · Journal of Material Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2020.10.079 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Recent advances in Ru-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
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Chemical medium-range order in a medium-entropy alloy
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Self-citationUnraveling the dislocation–precipitate interactions in high-entropy alloys
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Spinodal-modulated solid solution delivers a strong and ductile refractory high-entropy alloy
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Rational design of septenary high-entropy alloy for direct ethanol fuel cells
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Additive manufacturing of ductile refractory high-entropy alloys via phase engineering
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Self-citationHigh Entropy Alloy Coatings and Technology
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Elimination of oxygen sensitivity in α-titanium by substitutional alloying with Al
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Suppressing atomic diffusion with the Schwarz crystal structure in supersaturated Al–Mg alloys
Xu, W., Zhang, B., Li, X., & Lu, K. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abh0700 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Toughening materials: enhancing resistance to fracture
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ding, Q., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Fu, X., Chen, D., Chen, S., Gu, L., Wei, F., Bei, H., Gao, Y., Wen, M., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Zhu, T., Ritchie, R. O., & Yu, Q.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials (CN)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Ting
- Ritchie, Robert O.
- Yu, Qian
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-10-09
- Volume
- 574
- Issue
- 7777
- Pages
- 223-227
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2979750733
- Cited by
- 1,614
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 198 · 2025: 293 · 2024: 292 · 2023: 248 · 2022: 247 · 2021: 194 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 82.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › High Entropy Alloys Studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Microstructure and mechanical properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys
- Keywords
- high-entropy alloys, elemental distribution, face-centered cubic alloys, concentration waves, dislocation cross-slip, dislocation interactions, stacking fault energy, yield strength, strain hardening, ductility, composition-structure-property relationships, palladium substitution
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