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Two-billion-year-old volcanism on the Moon from Chang’e-5 basalts

Open access
Li, Qiu-Li, Zhou, Qin, Liu, Yu, Xiao, Zhiyong, Lin, Yangting, Li, Jin-Hua, Ma, Hong-Xia, Tang, Guo-Qiang, Guo, Shun, Tang, Xu, Yuan, Jiang-Yan, Li, Jiao, Wu, Fu-Yuan, Ouyang, Ziyuan, Li, Chunlai, Li, Xian-Hua·2021·Nature

Abstract

The Moon has a magmatic and thermal history that is distinct from that of the terrestrial planets 1. Radioisotope dating of lunar samples suggests that most lunar basaltic magmatism ceased by around 2.9–2.8 billion years ago (Ga)2,3, although younger basalts between 3 Ga and 1 Ga have been suggested by crater-counting chronology, which has large uncertainties owing to the lack of returned samples for calibration 4,5. Here we report a precise lead–lead age of 2,030 ± 4 million years ago for basalt clasts returned by the Chang’e-5 mission, and a 238 U/204 Pb ratio (µ value)6 of about 680 for a source that evolved through two stages of differentiation. This is the youngest crystallization age reported so far for lunar basalts by radiometric dating, extending the duration of lunar volcanism by approximately 800–900 million years. The µ value of the Chang’e-5 basalt mantle source is within the range of low-titanium and high-titanium basalts from Apollo sites (µ value of about 300–1,000), but notably lower than those of potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus (KREEP) and high-aluminium basalts 7 (µ value of about 2,600–3,700), indicating that the Chang’e-5 basalts were produced by melting of a KREEP-poor source. This age provides a pivotal calibration point for crater-counting chronology in the inner Solar System and provides insight on the volcanic and thermal history of the Moon.

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Metadata

Authors
Li, Q.-L., Zhou, Q., Liu, Y., Xiao, Z., Lin, Y., Li, J.-H., Ma, H.-X., Tang, G.-Q., Guo, S., Tang, X., Yuan, J.-Y., Li, J., Wu, F.-Y., Ouyang, Z., Li, C., & Li, X.-H.
Venue
Nature
Published
2021-10-19
Volume
600
Issue
7887
Pages
54-58
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W3205161018
Cited by
452
References
39
FWCI
37.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Two-billion-year-old volcanism on the Moon from Chang’e-5 basalts. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41586-021-04100-2
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Li, Q.-L., Zhou, Q., Liu, Y., Xiao, Z., Lin, Y., Li, J.-H., Ma, H.-X., Tang, G.-Q., Guo, S., Tang, X., Yuan, J.-Y., Li, J., Wu, F.-Y., Ouyang, Z., Li, C., & Li, X.-H. (2021). Two-billion-year-old volcanism on the Moon from Chang’e-5 basalts. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04100-2

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