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Fully phased human genome assembly without parental data using single-cell strand sequencing and long reads
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Abstract
Human genomes are typically assembled as consensus sequences that lack information on parental haplotypes. Here we describe a reference-free workflow for diploid de novo genome assembly that combines the chromosome-wide phasing and scaffolding capabilities of single-cell strand sequencing 1,2 with continuous long-read or high-fidelity 3 sequencing data. Employing this strategy, we produced a completely phased de novo genome assembly for each haplotype of an individual of Puerto Rican descent (HG00733) in the absence of parental data. The assemblies are accurate (quality value > 40) and highly contiguous (contig N50 > 23 Mbp) with low switch error rates (0.17%), providing fully phased single-nucleotide variants, indels and structural variants. A comparison of Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences phased assemblies identified 154 regions that are preferential sites of contig breaks, irrespective of sequencing technology or phasing algorithms.
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“These assemblies include 29 samples with long and linked read sequencing data generated entirely by the HPRC and 18 samples sequenced by other efforts16–18.”
From A draft human pangenome reference. (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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Additional file 3 of Inversion polymorphism in a complete human genome assembly
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Jia, P., Dong, L., Yang, X., Wang, B., Bush, S. J., Wang, T., Lin, J., Wang, S., Zhao, X., Xu, T., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26649177
Additional file 1 of FixItFelix: improving genomic analysis by fixing reference errors
Behera, S., LeFaive, J., Orchard, P., Mahmoud, M., Paulin, L. F., Farek, J., Soto, D. C., Parker, S. C. J., Smith, A. V., Dennis, M. Y., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22612903
Additional file 3 of Haplotype-resolved assemblies and variant benchmark of a Chinese Quartet
Jia, P., Dong, L., Yang, X., Wang, B., Bush, S. J., Wang, T., Lin, J., Wang, S., Zhao, X., Xu, T., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26649174
Liu, Z., Xie, Z., & Li, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26308976
Additional file 2 of Hybrid-hybrid correction of errors in long reads with HERO
Kang, X., Xu, J., Luo, X., & Schönhuth, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24715522
Liu, Z., Xie, Z., & Li, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26749292
Additional file 1 of Improving variant calling using population data and deep learning
Chen, N.-C., Kolesnikov, A., Goel, S., Yun, T., Chang, P.-C., & Carroll, A. W. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22815203
Additional file 2 of Haplotype-resolved assemblies and variant benchmark of a Chinese Quartet
Jia, P., Dong, L., Yang, X., Wang, B., Bush, S. J., Wang, T., Lin, J., Wang, S., Zhao, X., Xu, T., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24742937
Bonnet, K., Marschall, T., & Doerr, D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26621083
Self-citationAdditional file 5 of Haplotype-resolved assemblies and variant benchmark of a Chinese Quartet
Jia, P., Dong, L., Yang, X., Wang, B., Bush, S. J., Wang, T., Lin, J., Wang, S., Zhao, X., Xu, T., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26649180
Liu, Z., Xie, Z., & Li, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26749289
Additional file 1 of Inversion polymorphism in a complete human genome assembly
Porubskỳ, D., Harvey, W. T., Rozanski, A. N., Ebler, J., Höps, W., Ashraf, H., Hasenfeld, P., Paten, B., Sanders, A. D., Marschall, T., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22724234
Self-citationAdditional file 1 of Hybrid-hybrid correction of errors in long reads with HERO
Kang, X., Xu, J., Luo, X., & Schönhuth, A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24715430
Liu, Z., Xie, Z., & Li, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26309087
Additional file 3 of Hybrid-hybrid correction of errors in long reads with HERO
Kang, X., Xu, J., Luo, X., & Schönhuth, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26648136
Additional file 3 of FixItFelix: improving genomic analysis by fixing reference errors
Behera, S., LeFaive, J., Orchard, P., Mahmoud, M., Paulin, L. F., Farek, J., Soto, D. C., Parker, S. C. J., Smith, A. V., Dennis, M. Y., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22612909
Mari, R. S., Schrinner, S., Finkers, R., Ziegler, F. M. R., Arens, P., Schmidt, M., Usadel, B., Klau, G. W., & Marschall, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25034488
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium, Porubsky, D., Ebert, P., Audano, P. A., Vollger, M. R., Harvey, W. T., Marijon, P., Ebler, J., Munson, K. M., Sorensen, M., Sulovari, A., Haukness, M., Ghareghani, M., Lansdorp, P. M., Paten, B., Devine, S. E., Sanders, A. D., Lee, C., Chaisson, M. J. P., Korbel, J. O., Eichler, E. E., & Marschall, T.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics (DE)
- BC Cancer Agency (CA)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
- Ewha Womans University (KR)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eichler, Evan E.
- Marschall, Tobias
- ORCID
- Porubsky, David
- Ebert, Peter
- Audano, Peter A.
- Vollger, Mitchell R.
- Harvey, William T.
- Marijon, Pierre
- Ebler, Jana
- Munson, Katherine M.
- Sorensen, Melanie
- Sulovari, Arvis
- Haukness, Marina
- Ghareghani, Maryam
- Lansdorp, Peter M.
- Paten, Benedict
- Devine, Scott E.
- Sanders, Ashley D.
- Lee, Charles
- Chaisson, Mark J. P.
- Korbel, Jan O.
- Eichler, Evan E.
- Marschall, Tobias
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2020-12-07
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 302-308
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- PMC
- PMC7954704
- OpenAlex
- W3113006061
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 10.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (391137747, 395192176, 031A533B, 031A537C, 031A534A, 031A537B, 031A535A, 031A538A, 031A532B, 031A533A)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (031A537C, 031A533A, 2018-2020, 031A535A, 031A538A, 031L0184, 031A534A, 031A532B, 031A533B, 031A537B)
- Ewha Womans University
- German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (031A533A, 031A534A, 031A538A, 031 A535 A, 031 A537B, 031 A532B, 031 A533B, #031A537C)
- National Institutes of Health (HG007497)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (HG010169, U41HG007497, HG002385, R01HG010485, R01HG002898, U01HG010971, T32HG008345, HG002898, HG007497, U01HG010961, R01HG002385, U24HG007234, UM1HG010971, R01HG010169, T32HG000035, U24HG007497, U41HG010972, HG010971)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA034196)
- U.S. National Library of Medicine (T32LM012419)
- H2020 European Research Council (773026)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Keywords
- haplotype phasing, reference-free genome assembly, de novo genome assembly, long-read sequencing, diploid genome, structural variants, single nucleotide variants, indels
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Haplotypes, Humans, Parents, Puerto Rico, Genome, Human, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Single-Cell Analysis, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
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