The DOI matches its Crossref record; 139 of the 139 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Significance of bystander T cell activation in microbial infection
Abstract
During microbial infection, pre-existing memory CD8+ T cells that are not specific for the infecting pathogens can be activated by cytokines without cognate antigens, termed bystander activation. Studies in mouse models and human patients demonstrate bystander activation of memory CD8+ T cells, which exerts either protective or detrimental effects on the host, depending on the infection model or disease. Research has elucidated mechanisms underlying the bystander activation of CD8+ T cells in terms of the responsible cytokines and the effector mechanisms of bystander-activated CD8+ T cells. In this Review, we describe the history of research on bystander CD8+ T cell activation as well as evidence of bystander activation. We also discuss the mechanisms and immunopathological roles of bystander activation in various microbial infections.
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“All skin-resident T cells are pre-activated T cells with effector/memory-like phenotypes, which could be activated in an innate fashion by alterations of molecular cues of the local tissue they reside in.26,27,28,29,30,31,32”
From Skin-resident T cells play an important role in controlling skin colonization of Candidozyma (Candida) auris (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, H., Jeong, S., & Shin, E.-C.
- Affiliations
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Shin, Eui-Cheol
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2021-08-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-22
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- OpenAlex
- W3189438345
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Samsung Science and Technology Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- bystander T cell activation, memory CD8+ T cells, microbial infection, immunopathology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Inflammation, Lymphocyte Activation, Cytokines, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Bystander Effect, Microbiota
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