The distribution of cellular turnover in the human body
Abstract
We integrated ubiquity, mass and lifespan of all major cell types to achieve a comprehensive quantitative description of cellular turnover. We found a total cellular mass turnover of 80 ± 20 grams per day, dominated by blood cells and gut epithelial cells. In terms of cell numbers, close to 90% of the (0.33 ± 0.02) × 10 12 cells per day turnover was blood cells.
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Differentiated cell types in adult organs have different turnover rates; some last a lifetime while others are continuously lost and replenished quickly.
“The cell types that build each organ are subject to different turnover rates. Some differentiated cell types can last a lifetime, such as neurons in the brain or cardiomyocytes in the heart. Other differentiated cell types are continuously lost and replenished quickly, such as red blood cells, monocytes and epithelial cells of the skin and intestine2.”
From Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Sender, R., & Milo, R.
- Affiliations
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Milo, Ron
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-48
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- OpenAlex
- W3120885077
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 23
- FWCI
- 24.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation (Grant 740/16)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- cell turnover, cell death, tissue regeneration, blood cells, intestinal epithelial cells, cell lifespan, human body, cell number
- MeSH terms
- Blood Cells, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Cellular Senescence
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