The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 14 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice
Open accessAbstract
Juvenile social isolation reduces sociability in adulthood, but the underlying neural circuit mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that, in male mice, 2 weeks of social isolation immediately following weaning leads to a failure to activate medial prefrontal cortex neurons projecting to the posterior paraventricular thalamus (mPFC→pPVT) during social exposure in adulthood. Chemogenetic or optogenetic suppression of mPFC→pPVT activity in adulthood was sufficient to induce sociability deficits without affecting anxiety-related behaviors or preference toward rewarding food. Juvenile isolation led to both reduced excitability of mPFC→pPVT neurons and increased inhibitory input drive from low-threshold-spiking somatostatin interneurons in adulthood, suggesting a circuit mechanism underlying sociability deficits. Chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulation of mPFC→pPVT neurons in adulthood could rescue the sociability deficits caused by juvenile isolation. Our study identifies a pair of specific medial prefrontal cortex excitatory and inhibitory neuron populations required for sociability that are profoundly affected by juvenile social experience. Yamamuro et al. show that juvenile social isolation disrupts prefrontal neurons projecting to the paraventricular thalamus and associated prefrontal somatostatin interneurons, and thereby impairs sociability in adulthood.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In male mice, juvenile social isolation (p21–35) prevents adult recruitment of medial prefrontal cortex neurons projecting to posterior paraventricular thalamus (mPFC→pPVT) during social exposure, and manipulating this circuit bidirectionally alters sociability. The same isolation reduces mPFC→pPVT excitability and increases inhibitory drive from low-threshold spiking somatostatin interneurons, while activating mPFC→pPVT neurons rescues adult sociability deficits.
Key findings
- Juvenile social isolation (jSI) reduced adult sociability in the 3-chamber test compared with group-housed (GH) mice (two-tailed t-test, t36=2.154, *P=0.038, n=20 GH, n=18 jSI), and mPFC→pPVT neurons were activated by a novel mouse in GH but not jSI mice.
- Chemogenetic or optogenetic suppression of mPFC→pPVT activity in adult GH mice reduced sociability without affecting motor activity, anxiety-related behavior, or natural food preference; optogenetic activation of mPFC→pPVT projections was reinforcing and increased sociability.
- Adult jSI mice showed reduced intrinsic excitability of mPFC→pPVT neurons and increased spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents, with a significant decrease in the sEPSC/sIPSC frequency ratio; these effects emerged in adulthood, not at p35.
- mPFC Chrna2+ LTS-SST interneurons showed increased excitability after jSI, and eDREADD activation of these interneurons in GH mice reduced sociability; chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of mPFC→pPVT neurons rescued sociability deficits in adult jSI mice, including a rescue sustained 24 hours after repeated stimulation.
Methods
- Male C57Bl/6 wildtype, Chrna2-Cre, PV-Cre, and SST-Cre mice were used; jSI mice were isolated from weaning at p21 for two weeks, re-grouped at p35, and behaviorally tested at 10–15 weeks old.
- Circuit activity was measured with fiber photometry (GCaMP6f), c-Fos mapping, chemogenetic (iDREADD/eDREADD) and wireless optogenetic (eNpHR3.0/ChR2) manipulations, in vivo electrophysiology, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in mPFC and pPVT.
- Behavior included the 3-chamber sociability test, milkshake preference test, elevated plus maze, and open field; analyses used t-tests, 2-way ANOVAs, and paired tests as indicated.
Limitations
- The paper states that no statistical methods were used to pre-determine sample sizes, data collection and analysis were not performed blind to conditions, and data distribution was assumed normal but not formally tested.
- The study used male mice only, so sex differences or female sociability are not addressed (evident from the Methods).
- Some mechanistic conclusions rely on correlational circuit changes plus acute manipulations; the paper notes future studies are needed to reveal how different mPFC projection populations influence subcortical social networks.
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Claims the paper makes
103 Own result · 13 Own method · 13 Own interpretation · 7 Not checked yet · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CNO injection in mCherry-expressing control mice produced no significant differences in behavior compared to saline injection (Fig.2F).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This manipulation, which partly reduced the activity of neurons in the pPVT (Extended Data Fig.4A–C), led to reduced sociability (Fig. 3C) without impacting anxiety-related or motor behaviors (Extended Data Fig.4F).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were no light-induced behavioral effects in mCherry-expressing control mice (Fig. 3D, Extended Data Fig.4G).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“We found that optogenetic activation of mPFC->pPVT projections within the social-interaction zone led to an increase in sociability, whereas activation of mPFC->pPVT projections within the object-interaction zone reduced sociability (Fig.4E–H).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mPFC->pPVT neurons expressing the calcium indicator GCaMP6f were more robustly activated after introduction of a novel mouse than after introduction of a novel object in adult GH mice, but not in jSI mice (Fig.1E–G)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Juvenile social isolation impairs activation of mPFC->pPVT projection neurons upon social exposure in adulthood
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, this manipulation did not impact natural food preference (Fig.3E,F), suggesting that the observed sociability deficits are not a result of general impairments in natural reward-related behaviors.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chemogenetic suppression of pPVT neuron activity also reduced sociability (Extended Data Fig.3).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mPFC->pPVT neurons expressing the calcium indicator GCaMP6f were more robustly activated after introduction of a novel mouse than after introduction of a novel object in adult GH mice, but not in jSI mice (Fig.1E–G)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Juvenile social isolation impairs activation of mPFC->pPVT projection neurons upon social exposure in adulthood
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Juvenile social isolation reduces sociability in adulthood, but the neural circuit mechanisms are poorly understood.”
- Also stated in: § Juvenile social isolation impairs activation of mPFC->pPVT projection neurons upon social exposure in adulthood · plain
“Adult jSI mice displayed reduced sociability, compared to adult mice that were group-housed (GH) throughout their life, in the 3-chamber test as previously reported5,11 (Extended Data Fig.2).”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · hedged
“In mice, juvenile social isolation (jSI) immediately following weaning for two weeks (21–35 days after birth: p21–35), but not during a later period, leads to decreased sociability in adulthood, suggesting the juvenile period is a sensitive period for the establishment of adult social behavior 5.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Makinodan, M., Rosen, K. M., Ito, S. & Corfas, G. A critical period for social experience-dependent oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Science 337, 1357–1360 (2012). source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Bicks, L. K. et al. Prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons require juvenile social experience to establish adult social behavior. Nat. Commun. 11, 1003 (2020). source
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Juvenile social isolation impairs activation of mPFC->pPVT projection neurons upon social exposure in adulthood · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, there was a trend towards a decrease in spontaneous excitatory post synaptic currents (sEPSCs) in adult jSI mice compared with adult GH mice.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > jSI leads to reduced intrinsic excitability and increased inhibitory input drive of mPFC->pPVT neurons in adulthood
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 39
- It may state two separate claims as one. 22
- The quote only partly states this claim. 9
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“No statistical methods were used to pre-determine sample sizes but our sample sizes are similar to those reported in previous publications11,28.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Statistics
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] Bicks, L. K. et al. Prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons require juvenile social experience to establish adult social behavior. Nat. Commun. 11, 1003 (2020). source
The citation points to a previous publication reporting sample sizes, and the Results section gives sample sizes in cells and mice for its experimental groups (page unavailable). The statement about not using statistical methods to predetermine sample sizes refers to the citing authors’ own study, not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Could not verifycites [28] Carta, I., Chen, C. H., Schott, A. L., Dorizan, S. & Khodakhah, K. Cerebellar modulation of the reward circmuitry and social behavior. Science 363, eaav0581 (2019). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited paper’s section on cerebellar inputs during social exploration reports a sample size (N=8), but does not say how it was chosen. Searches for the quoted wording and for power analysis or comparison with previous publications found no passage addressing either assertion. (LLM, conf=0.72)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patch-clamp slice recordings of mPFC->PVT neurons from adult jSI mice revealed a reduction of intrinsic excitability (Fig.5A–D) and a significant increase in spontaneous inhibitory post synaptic currents (sIPSCs) compared with adult GH mice.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > jSI leads to reduced intrinsic excitability and increased inhibitory input drive of mPFC->pPVT neurons in adulthood
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Suppression of mPFC->pPVT neuron activity through clozapine N-oxide (CNO) treatment in adult GH mice reduced sociability in the 3-chamber test, with no impact on motor activity or measurements of anxiety-related behavior (Fig.2E).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This manipulation, which partly reduced the activity of neurons in the pPVT (Extended Data Fig.4A–C), led to reduced sociability (Fig. 3C) without impacting anxiety-related or motor behaviors (Extended Data Fig.4F).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with these results, excitatory (e)DREADD-mediated activation of mPFC LTS-SST interneurons in GH mice (which recapitulates the physiological deficit seen in jSI mice) was sufficient to reduce sociability without impacting motor activity or anxiety-related behavior (Fig.6G–J).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > jSI leads to increased intrinsic excitability of mPFC LTS-SST interneurons and impaired LTS-SST to mPFC->pPVT synaptic transmission in adulthood
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that chemogenetic activation of mPFC->pPVT projection neurons expressing eDREADD through CNO treatment could acutely rescue sociability deficits in the adult jSI mice without impacting motor activity or anxiety-related behavior (Fig.7A–E).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Activation of mPFC->pPVT neurons rescues sociability deficits in adult jSI mice
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that this stimulation treatment acutely rescued sociability deficits in jSI mice (Fig.8C), without impacting anxiety-related or motor behaviors (Extended Data Fig.9D).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Activation of mPFC->pPVT neurons rescues sociability deficits in adult jSI mice
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mice with optogenetic suppression showed no differences in motor activity or anxiety-related behaviors between ON and OFF sessions”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 14- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(K) sIPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t36=0.758, P=0.454, n=20 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=18 cells from 8 biologically independent jSI mice,)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sEPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t36=1.370, P=0.179, n=20 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=18 cells from 8 biologically independent jSI mice)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sEPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t48=0.305, P=0.762, n=27 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=23 cells from 8 biologically independent jSI mice)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sEPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t36=0.847, P=0.403, n=20 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=18 cells from 8 biologically independent jSI mice)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sIPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t48=0.852, P=0.398, n=27 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=23 cells, from 8 biologically independent jSI mice)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Optogenetic suppression of mPFC->pPVT projection terminals does not change motor activity or anxiety-related behaviors in group-housed mice.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Input-output curve showing no differences in spike frequency”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Control mCherry+ mice showed no difference in motor activity or anxiety-related behaviors between light ON and OFF sessions”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Control mCherry+ mice showed no difference in motor activity or anxiety-related behaviors”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(E) sIPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t48=0.879, P=0.384, n=27 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=23 cells from 8 biologically independent jSI mice)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Distribution of pPVT neurons showing light-induced decreased firing (11 out of 57 cells from 4 biologically independent mice, 19%), increased firing (9 out of 57 cells from 4 biologically independent mice, 16%), or no change (37 out of 57 cells from 4 biologically independent mice, 65%).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainstates a causen = 4- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“spike threshold (two tailed t-test, t59=0.376, P=0.708, n=26 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=35 cells from 9 biologically independent jSI mice)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 26- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or (L) sEPSC/IPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t36=0.147, P=0.884, n=20 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=18 cells from 8 biologically independent jSI mice) between jSI and GH.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant differences in spike threshold”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 23- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sIPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t36=0.493, P=0.625, n=20 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=18 cells from 8 biologically independent jSI mice)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juvenile social isolation does not change excitability, nor E/I input ratio of PFC->NAc neurons, mPFC->cPFC neurons, or pPVT neurons in adulthood.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“iDREADD+ mice showed no differences in motor activity or anxiety-related behaviors”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 12- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or (F) sEPSC/sIPSC frequency ratio (two tailed t-test, t48=1.767, P=0.084, n=27 cells from 8 biologically independent GH mice, n=23 cells from 8 biologically independent jSI mice) between jSI and GH.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Control mCherry+ jSI mice showed no difference in motor activity or anxiety-related behaviors between ON and OFF sessions”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or mEPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t38=0.495, P=0.624) between jSI and GH.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ChR2+jSI mice showed no differences in motor activity or anxiety-related behaviors between ON and OFF sessions”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 13- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in mIPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t38=0.066, P=0.948)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or mIPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t38=0.455, P=0.652) between jSI and GH.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no significant differences in mEPSC amplitude”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or mIPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t37=0.303, P=0.764) between jSI and GH.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and (G) L2/3 SST-AD type at 100pA”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainstates an associationn = 18 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no difference in mono/polysynaptic ratio”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in mIPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t37=0.101, P=0.920)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in mEPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t38=0.002, P=0.998)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or mIPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t35=1.579, P=0.123) between jSI and GH.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in mEPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t35=1.559, P=0.128)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 18- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in mIPSC frequency (two tailed t-test, t35=0.247, P=0.807)”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Optogenetic stimulation of mPFC->pPVT projection terminals does not change motor activity or anxiety-related behaviors in adult jSI mice.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 13- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“SST-QFS type show comparable excitability between 2 groups at 100pA”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 23- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or mEPSC amplitude (two tailed t-test, t35=1.275, P=0.211) between jSI and GH.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Altogether, these experiments demonstrate that activation of mPFC->pPVT projections is reinforcing, and is sufficient to increase sociability during social investigation.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Manipulations of mPFC-> pPVT projection neuron activity bi-directionally modulate sociability in adult group-housed mice
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that jSI leads to enduring neurophysiological deficits in mPFC->pPVT neurons and in LTS-SST interneurons, which are likely to be the cause of the sociability deficit and reduced activation of mPFC->pPVT neurons during social exploration in jSI mice.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > jSI leads to increased intrinsic excitability of mPFC LTS-SST interneurons and impaired LTS-SST to mPFC->pPVT synaptic transmission in adulthood
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If their viral expression could not be validated or when there was equipment failure during behavior, mice were excluded from the analysis.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Imaging and Quantification
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Importantly, Chrna2+LTS-SST interneurons were previously shown to selectively target deep-layer pyramidal neurons that typically project to sub-cortical targets but not to callosal projection neurons or intratelencephalic neurons13; consistent with this finding, we observed no change in inhibitory drive in mPFC neurons projecting to the contralateral PFC (mPFC->cPFC) or nucleus accumbens (mPFC->NA”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > jSI leads to increased intrinsic excitability of mPFC LTS-SST interneurons and impaired LTS-SST to mPFC->pPVT synaptic transmission in adulthood
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Hilscher, M. M., Leao, R. N., Edwards, S. J., Leao, K. E. & Kullander, K. Chrna2-martinotti cells synchronize layer 5 type A pyramidal cells via rebound excitation. PLoS Biol. 15, e2001392 (2017). source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, our study identifies a pair of mPFC excitatory and inhibitory neuron populations required for normal adult sociability which are affected by social experience during juvenile period (Fig.8G).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
“Our study identifies a pair of specific mPFC excitatory and inhibitory neuron populations required for sociability that are profoundly affected by juvenile social experience.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Discussion
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As mPFC->pPVT neurons and associated LTS-SST interneurons are sensitive to experience-dependent modulation, they are promising targets for treatments of social behavior deficits associated with psychiatric disorders that use non-invasive brain modulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and/or transcranial direct current stimulation.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Discussion
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recordings in which series resistance exceeded 25MΩ were rejected.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Patch-clamp recording
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Series and membrane resistance was continuously monitored, and recordings were discarded when these measurements changed by > 20%.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Patch-clamp recording
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For photometry validation, we confirmed prior to behavior testing that GCaMP6 signal levels in all animals are higher than the signal change in the autofluorescence channel). After behavior testing we confirmed that optic fiber placement was accurate.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Imaging and Quantification
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For wireless optogenetics validation, accuracy of cannula placement was confirmed in all mice.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Imaging and Quantification
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mice received CNO and saline (SAL) in a counterbalanced fashion with 1 week of wash out time between treatments.”
- Also stated in: § Behavior Testing · plain
“All experiments were counterbalanced with respect to whether mice received optogenetic stimulation/inhibition on the first day of testing or second day of testing and there was a 24-hour interval between ON and OFF sessions.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Behavior Testing
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Behavior Testing · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subjects (mice) were randomly assigned into study groups.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Statistics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data collection and analysis were not performed blind to the conditions of the experiments.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Statistics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Replication studies confirmed our results in all experiments.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Statistics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For all studies, independent animals were used as replicates.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Statistics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To limit the impact of disynaptic excitation, paired pulse ratio was determined as a ratio of the amplitude of EPSC2 to the amplitude of EPSC1.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Patch-clamp recording
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For chemogenetics, 10 μM CNO was bath applied to cells that exhibited at least 5 minutes of stable baseline recording.”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Patch-clamp recording
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To isolate monosynaptic connections, eEPSCs were recorded in the presence of TTX (1 μM), 4-AP (100 μM) and picrotoxin (100 μM).”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Methods > Patch-clamp recording
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.
“Data distribution was assumed to be normal but this was not formally tested.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In rodents, depending on the duration of juvenile social isolation, increased or decreased sociability in adulthood has been reported, suggesting that adolescence is a sensitive period for establishing social behavior later in life (Yamamuro et al., 2020; Yamamuro et al., 2018; Makinodan et al., 2012; Rivera-Irizarry et al., 2020).”
From Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits (2022) · cites this paper as Yamamuro et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“mPFC-to-PVT activity is impaired during social interactions following 2 weeks of adolescent social isolation, and activation of this circuit rescued isolation induced social deficits [166].”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [166]
In the citing paper
“Recently, it was reported that 2 weeks of social isolation after weaning altered the pathway from the medial PFC to the posterior paraventricular thalamus, leading to decreased sociability in adult mice (Yamamuro et al., 2020).”
From Oxytocin neurons mediate the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits (2022) · cites this paper as Yamamuro et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > Juvenile social isolation impairs activation of mPFC->pPVT projection neurons upon social exposure in adulthood
“both the posterior part of the paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (pPVT), which relays signals to various components of the classical reward circuitry10, and mPFC deep-layer neurons projecting to the pPVT were activated by exposure to a novel mouse compared with novel-object exposure”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
“Social vs object P=0.056”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Results > jSI leads to increased intrinsic excitability of mPFC LTS-SST interneurons and impaired LTS-SST to mPFC->pPVT synaptic transmission in adulthood
“a subclass of deep-layer SST-expressing low-threshold spiking (LTS) interneurons showed increased excitability in adult jSI mice compared with GH mice”
§ A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice > Extended Data
“jSI group shows reduced spike frequency at 200pA and −100pA”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yamamuro, K., Bicks, L. K., Leventhal, M. B., Kato, D., Im, S., Flanigan, M. E., Garkun, Y., Norman, K. J., Caro, K., Sadahiro, M., Kullander, K., Akbarian, S., Russo, S. J., & Morishita, H.
- Affiliations
- Nara Medical University (JP)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Morishita, Hirofumi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2020-08-31
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1240-1252
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC7898783
- OpenAlex
- W3082986453
- Semantic Scholar
- 3abd777340feb7eb6211bf6ead2a7a88d5e5d4f5
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 23.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Naito Foundation
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH966785, R01MH118297, R01MH119523)
- Simons Foundation (610850)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- medial prefrontal cortex, somatostatin interneurons, social behavior deficits, chemogenetic manipulation, optogenetic stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Interneurons, Male, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Social Behavior, Social Isolation, Prefrontal Cortex, Midline Thalamic Nuclei, Optogenetics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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