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Long-term behavioral and cell-type-specific molecular effects of early life stress are mediated by H3K79me2 dynamics in medium spiny neurons
Open accessAbstract
Animals susceptible to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) exhibit depression-related behaviors, with aberrant transcription across several limbic brain regions, most notably in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Early life stress (ELS) promotes susceptibility to CSDS in adulthood, but associated enduring changes in transcriptional control mechanisms in the NAc have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined long-lasting changes to histone modifications in the NAc of male and female mice exposed to ELS. Dimethylation of lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79me2) and the enzymes (DOT1L and KDM2B) that control this modification are enriched in D2-type medium spiny neurons and are shown to be crucial for the expression of ELS-induced stress susceptibility. We mapped the site-specific regulation of this histone mark genome wide to reveal the transcriptional networks it modulates. Finally, systemic delivery of a small molecule inhibitor of DOT1L reversed ELS-induced behavioral deficits, indicating the clinical relevance of this epigenetic mechanism.
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“Enduring transcriptional alterations were observed in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in ELS, mediated by the developmental transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2).”
From Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential (2023) · cites this paper as [211]
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“ELS-induced depression susceptibility was caused by decreased histone methylation (H3K79me2) and induction of the DOT1L and KDM2B enzymes that regulate this histone methylation in D2-type medium spiny neurons.”
From Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential (2023) · cites this paper as [211]
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“Another recent publication offers evidence of the potential for stressful experiences early in life to affect future behavior by influencing the rates of gene transcription and translation in brain cells [24].”
From Genes, Heritability, ‘Race’, and Intelligence: Misapprehensions and Implications (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
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“systemic delivery of DOT1L inhibitor reversed ELS-induced behavioral deficits without detectable side effects, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.211”
From Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential (2023) · cites this paper as [211]
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“The same stress model211 revealed long-lasting histone modifications in the NAc after ELS.”
From Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential (2023) · cites this paper as [211]
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“Furthermore, histone methylation (H3K4me1) changes were found in genes targeted by OTX2 binding.”
From Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential (2023) · cites this paper as [211]
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Weber, R., Mortazavi, A., Baram, T. Z., & Floriou‐Servou, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1671495 · Cited by 1
Relationship of immune-inflammatory pathway and stress-induced depression with neural regeneration
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Multilevel sex-influenced neurobiological signatures of early life adversity
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Манолова, А. О., & Gulyaeva, N. V. (2023) · Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0022093023050125 · Cited by 1
Editorial: Community series in early life stress and depression, Volume II
Wang, F., Yang, J., Pan, F., Bourgeois, J. A., & Huang, J. H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1408329 · Cited by 1
Nguyen, J., Byragoni, N., Arinzeh, N., Bortolami, A., Sidoli, S., Russo, S. J., Nestler, E. J., & Torres‐Berrío, A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690167 · Cited by 1
Self-citationConnect-the-DOT from early stress to depression
Ferrarelli, L. K. (2021) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.abi9138
Epigenetics of Brain Disorders
Jawaid, A., Kremer, E. A., Carullo, N. V. N., & Mansuy, I. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91909-8.00025-6
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Манолова, А. О., & Gulyaeva, N. V. (2023) · Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова · doi:10.31857/s0869813923090078 · Cited by 1
Keep calm and carry H3K27me1 off
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Zhang, Z., Gong, Y., Su, X.-Y., Deng, Y., Du, R., Li, C.-L., Wang, Y., Song, X.-L., Jiang, Q., Li, Y., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ady1944 · Cited by 1
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571244
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571259
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571262
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571274
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Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571256
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571247
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571268
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571265
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571250
Dong, Y., Weng, J., Zhu, Y., Sun, D., He, W., Chen, Q., Cheng, J., Zhu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571271
Metadata
- Authors
- Kronman, H., Torres-Berrío, A., Sidoli, S., Issler, O., Godino, A., Ramakrishnan, A., Mews, P., Lardner, C. K., Parise, E. M., Walker, D. M., van der Zee, Y. Y., Browne, C. J., Boyce, B. F., Neve, R., Garcia, B. A., Shen, L., Peña, C. J., & Nestler, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peña, Catherine J.
- Nestler, Eric J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2021-03-15
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 667-676
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC8216773
- OpenAlex
- W3139250185
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 12.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2021-04-08)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Merck
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- New York Academy of Sciences
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (K99DA042100, R00MH115096, P50MH096890, R01MH051399)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- early life stress, chronic social defeat stress, H3K79me2, histone modifications, DOT1L, KDM2B, D2 medium spiny neurons, nucleus accumbens, depression vulnerability, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulatory networks, DOT1L inhibitors, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Histones, Male, Neurons, Nucleus Accumbens, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, Stress, Psychological, Receptors, Dopamine D1, Receptors, Dopamine D2, F-Box Proteins, Mice, Histone Demethylases, Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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