Use of genetically modified bacteria for drug delivery in humans: Revisiting the safety aspect
Open accessAbstract
The use of live, genetically modified bacteria as delivery vehicles for biologics is of considerable interest scientifically and has attracted significant commercial investment. We have pioneered the use of the commensal gut bacterium Bacteroides ovatus for the oral delivery of therapeutics to the gastrointestinal tract. Here we report on our investigations of the biological safety of engineered B . ovatus bacteria that includes the use of thymineless death as a containment strategy and the potential for the spread of transgenes in vivo in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. We demonstrate the ability of GM-strains of Bacteroides to survive thymine starvation and overcome it through the exchange of genetic material. We also provide evidence for horizontal gene transfer in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract resulting in transgene-carrying wild type bacteria. These findings sound a strong note of caution on the employment of live genetically modified bacteria for the delivery of biologics.
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Bacteroides ovatus transferred modified genes to resident bacteria and acquired genes enabling survival in the mice gut within 72 hours, despite a biological kill switch.
“Simon Carding’s team found that Bacteroides ovatus transferred the modified genes to resident bacteria and acquired genes enabling survival in the mice gut within 72 hours, despite the biological “kill switch” that was built to prevent the microbes from surviving in vitro.18,19”
From Gut microbiota drives structural variation of exogenous probiotics to enhance colonization (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
The Results and Discussion section reports gene transfer in the murine gut between genetically modified and wild-type B. ovatus that were both administered to the mice; the resulting bacteria could grow without thymidine, circumventing the engineered safety measure. It does not show transfer to resident gut bacteria. Its 72-hour result concerns survival in an in vitro viability test, not the timing of gene transfer in mice (page numbers unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Wegmann, U., Carvalho, A. L., Stocks, M., & Carding, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Norwich Research Park (GB)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Carding, Simon R.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-05-23
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2294-2294
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5442108
- OpenAlex
- W2614903907
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council ((BB/J004529/1, J004529, BB/L004291/1, L004291)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Cancer Research and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- engineered bacteria, Bacteroides ovatus, thymineless death, transgene containment, horizontal gene transfer, biosafety
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteroides, Genetic Engineering, Humans, Drug Delivery Systems, Transgenes, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbial Interactions
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