Individual and Seasonal Variation in Contact Rate, Connectivity and Centrality in Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Social Groups
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Examining temporal variation in social connectivity and relating this to individual behaviour can help understand the role of individuals within social groups. Although red foxes are solitary foragers, they form social groups at higher population densities. To investigate the effects of season, sex and status on social connectivity in red fox social groups, we set camera traps for four consecutive seasons to record contact rates and social network metrics at food patches in seven fox territories. Higher food availability was associated with higher contact rates. Individual contact rates peaked in different seasons depending on sex and social status. Dominant foxes held central network positions in all seasons but there was no consistent pattern in social connections within territories, suggesting a greater influence of features such as group size and composition on network structure than seasonal behaviour. Increased extraterritorial movements by males during winter contributed to a significant reduction in local network connectivity. Female network strength did not vary with season, suggesting that females play an important role in maintaining year-round group cohesion. These data advance our understanding of canid social systems, the benefits of group-living in solitary foraging carnivores, and the impacts of management interventions for an ecologically important species.
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Urban environments may enhance conspecific tolerance and social behaviours in foxes.
“Thus, urban environments may enhance conspecific tolerance and social behaviours in foxes (Macdonald 1979, 1983; Marks and Bloomfield 1999; Dorning and Harris 2019).”
From Red fox viromes in urban and rural landscapes (2020) · cites this paper as Dorning and Harris 2019
The Discussion reports social interactions among foxes at provisioned food patches in an urban area and concludes that patchy resources facilitated sociality. It does not establish that urban environments, rather than patchy resources, enhance tolerance or social behaviour; it notes that similar interactions may occur in other habitats. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Dorning, J., & Harris, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dorning, Jo
- ORCID
- Dorning, Jo
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-12-27
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20095-20095
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6934461
- OpenAlex
- W2998557032
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
- League Against Cruel Sports
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- red fox, social networks, social connectedness, contact rate, seasonal variation, social status, dominance, sex differences, network centrality, group living, solitary foragers, food availability, group cohesion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Foxes, Male, Seasons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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