The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Variability and reproducibility in deep learning for medical image segmentation
Open accessAbstract
Medical image segmentation is an important tool for current clinical applications. It is the backbone of numerous clinical diagnosis methods, oncological treatments and computer-integrated surgeries. A new class of machine learning algorithm, deep learning algorithms, outperforms the results of classical segmentation in terms of accuracy. However, these techniques are complex and can have a high range of variability, calling the reproducibility of the results into question. In this article, through a literature review, we propose an original overview of the sources of variability to better understand the challenges and issues of reproducibility related to deep learning for medical image segmentation. Finally, we propose 3 main recommendations to address these potential issues: (1) an adequate description of the framework of deep learning, (2) a suitable analysis of the different sources of variability in the framework of deep learning, and (3) an efficient system for evaluating the segmentation results.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation
Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., & Brox, T. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28 · Cited by 99,404
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14539 · Cited by 84,126
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 · Cited by 24,532
A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis
Litjens, G., Kooi, T., Bejnordi, B. E., Setio, A. A. A., Ciompi, F., Ghafoorian, M., van der Laak, J. A. W. M., van Ginneken, B., & Sánchez, C. I. (2017) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2017.07.005 · Cited by 15,332
A survey on Image Data Augmentation for Deep Learning
Shorten, C., & Khoshgoftaar, T. M. (2019) · Journal of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0197-0 · Cited by 13,203
Fischl, B., Salat, D. H., Busa, E., Albert, M., Dieterich, M., Haselgrove, C., van der Kouwe, A., Killiany, R., Kennedy, D., Klaveness, S., et al. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00569-x · Cited by 8,610
1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility
Baker, M. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/533452a · Cited by 4,209
Image segmentation using deep learning: A survey
Minaee, S., Boykov, Y. Y., Porikli, F., Plaza, A. J., Kehtarnavaz, N., & Terzopoulos, D. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2021.3059968 · Cited by 3,796
Efficient multi-scale 3D CNN with fully connected CRF for accurate brain lesion segmentation
Kamnitsas, K., Ledig, C., Newcombe, V. F. J., Simpson, J. P., Kane, A. D., Menon, D. K., Rueckert, D., & Glocker, B. (2017) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2016.10.004 · Cited by 3,498
Brain tumor segmentation with Deep Neural Networks
Havaei, M., Davy, A., Warde-Farley, D., Biard, A., Courville, A., Bengio, Y., Pal, C., Jodoin, P.-M., & Larochelle, H. (2017) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2016.05.004 · Cited by 3,278
Cited by
Towards a guideline for evaluation metrics in medical image segmentation
Müller, D., Soto-Rey, I., & Kramer, F. (2022) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-022-06096-y · Cited by 668
Fuzzy System Based Medical Image Processing for Brain Disease Prediction
Hu, M., Zhong, Y., Xie, S., Lv, H., & Lv, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.714318 · Cited by 292
Privacy-first health research with federated learning
Sadilek, A., Liu, L., Nguyen, D., Kamruzzaman, M., Serghiou, S., Rader, B., Ingerman, A., Mellem, S., Kairouz, P., Nsoesie, E. O., et al. (2021) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00489-2 · Cited by 226
Melanoma detection using deep learning-based classifications
Alwakid, G., Gouda, W., Humayun, M., & Sama, N. U. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10122481 · Cited by 153
Deep Learning in Surgical Workflow Analysis: A Review of Phase and Step Recognition
Demir, K. C., Schieber, H., Weise, T., Roth, D., May, M., Maier, A., & Yang, S. H. (2023) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3311628 · Cited by 90
Metadata
- Authors
- Renard, F., Guedria, S., Palma, N. D., & Vuillerme, N.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2020-08-13
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13724-13724
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3048802707
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 23
- FWCI
- 13.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Variability and reproducibility in deep learning for medical image segmentation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41598-020-69920-0
- The paper
- Renard, F., Guedria, S., Palma, N. D., & Vuillerme, N. (2020). Variability and reproducibility in deep learning for medical image segmentation. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69920-0
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.