The immune response after noise damage in the cochlea is characterized by a heterogeneous mix of adaptive and innate immune cells
Open accessAbstract
Cells of the immune system are present in the adult cochlea and respond to damage caused by noise exposure. However, the types of immune cells involved and their locations within the cochlea are unclear. We used flow cytometry and immunostaining to reveal the heterogeneity of the immune cells in the cochlea and validated the presence of immune cell gene expression by analyzing existing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) data. We demonstrate that cell types of both the innate and adaptive immune system are present in the cochlea. In response to noise damage, immune cells increase in number. B, T, NK, and myeloid cells (macrophages and neutrophils) are the predominant immune cells present. Interestingly, immune cells appear to respond to noise damage by infiltrating the organ of Corti. Our studies highlight the need to further understand the role of these immune cells within the cochlea after noise exposure.
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Type II afferents express neuropeptides such as CGRP, which in somatic C-fibers modulates the activity of immune cells that proliferate after trauma.
“Type II afferents express neuropeptides such as CGRP (37, 38, 54), which in somatic C-fibers (55) modulates the activity of immune cells that proliferate after trauma (56).”
From Damage-evoked signals in cochlear neurons and supporting cells (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
Citation 56 is attached to the claim that immune cells proliferate after trauma. The Results report increased numbers of several immune-cell types in the cochlea after noise exposure, but the Discussion and Conclusion interpret the increase as recruitment, not demonstrated proliferation. The CGRP and somatic C-fiber clauses are attached to other citations. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Damage-evoked signals in cochlear neurons and supporting cells
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Rai, V., Wood, M. B., Feng, H., Schabla, N. M., Tu, S., & Zuo, J.
- Affiliations
- Creighton University (US)
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zuo, Jian
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2020-09-16
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15167-15167
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7495466
- OpenAlex
- W3087290246
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 DC015444-01, R01DC015010-01A1, 5T32DC000023-33, P30CA21765)
- Office of Naval Research (N000140911014, N000141210191, N000141210775, N000141612315, N000141812507)
- Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC-RH170030)
- Creighton University (LB692)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- noise-induced hearing loss, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, immune cell heterogeneity, B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, organ of Corti, immune cell infiltration, inner ear
- MeSH terms
- RNA-Seq, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Cochlea, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Immunity, Innate, Killer Cells, Natural, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Neutrophils, Organ of Corti, T-Lymphocytes, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Mice, Adaptive Immunity, Mice, 129 Strain
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