Improved HbA1c and reduced glycaemic variability after 1-year intermittent use of flash glucose monitoring
Open accessAbstract
Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) was introduced in China in 2016, and it might improve HbA1c measurements and reduce glycaemic variability during T1DM therapy. A total of 146 patients were recruited from October 2018 to September 2019 in Liaocheng. The patients were randomly divided into the FGM group or self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) group. Both groups wore the FGM device for multiple 2-week periods, beginning with the 1st, 24th, and 48th weeks for gathering data, while blood samples were also collected for HbA1c measurement. Dietary guidance and insulin dose adjustments were provided to the FGM group patients according to their Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) and to the SMBG group patients according to their SMBG measurements taken 3–4 times daily. All of the participants underwent SMBG measurements on the days when not wearing the FGM device. At the final visit, HbA1c, time in range (TIR), duration of hypoglycaemia and the number of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) events were taken as the main endpoints. There were no significant difference in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. At 24 weeks, the HbA1c level of the FGM group was 8.16 ± 1.03%, which was much lower than that of the SMBG group (8.68 ± 1.01%) (p = 0.003). The interquartile range (IQR), mean blood glucose (MBG), and the duration of hypoglycaemia in the FGM group also showed significant declines, compared with the SMBG group (p < 0.05), while the TIR increased in the FGM group [(49.39 ± 17.54)% vs (42.44 ± 15.49)%] (p = 0.012). At 48 weeks, the differences were more pronounced (p < 0.01). There were no observed changes in the number of episodes of DKA by the end of the study [(0.25 ± 0.50) vs (0.28 ± 0.51), p = 0.75]. Intermittent use of FGM by T1DM patients can improve their HbA1c and glycaemic control without increasing the hypoglycaemic exposure in insulin-treated individuals with type 1 diabetes in an developing country.
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A decrease in HbA1c by 0.3% was associated with a lower risk of diabetic complications.
“It was also considered clinically meaningful because a decrease in HbA1c by 0.3% was associated with a lower risk of diabetic complications.18,64”
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“18,64 Among the secondary outcomes, signi fi cant improvements in SBP, DBP, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, FBG, weight, and waist circumference were found.”
- Authors
- Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Sun, B., Shen, Y., Li, M., Peng, L., Duan, H., Su, X., Lu, S., Tian, X., & Tian, Y.
- Affiliations
- Liaocheng People's Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tian, Yaqiang
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2021-12-14
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23950-23950
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8671539
- OpenAlex
- W4200580756
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Project (2015WS0392)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- flash glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes, HbA1c, glycemic variability, self-monitoring of blood glucose, ambulatory glucose profile, time in range, hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, glycemic control, insulin dose adjustment, dietary recommendations, Liaocheng, South China, Guangdong
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, China, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
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