Seasonal and annual changes in the microbial communities of Ofunato Bay, Japan, based on metagenomics
Open accessAbstract
Five years of datasets from 2015 to 2019 of whole genome shotgun sequencing for cells trapped on 0.2-µm filters of seawater collected monthly from Ofunato Bay, an enclosed bay in Japan, were analysed, which included the 2015 data that we had reported previously. Nucleotide sequences were determined for extracted DNA from three locations for both the upper (1 m) and deeper (8 or 10 m) depths. The biotic communities analysed at the domain level comprised bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea and viruses. The relative abundance of bacteria was over 60% in most months for the five years. The relative abundance of the SAR86 cluster was highest in the bacterial group, followed by Candidatus Pelagibacter and Planktomarina. The relative abundance of Ca. Pelagibacter showed no relationship with environmental factors, and those of SAR86 and Planktomarina showed positive correlations with salinity and dissolved oxygen, respectively. The bacterial community diversity showed seasonal changes, with high diversity around September and low diversity around January for all five years. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis also revealed that the bacterial communities in the bay were grouped in a season-dependent manner and linked with environmental variables such as seawater temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Similar conclusions about seasonal variation were drawn from a 5-year study focusing on bacterial genera associated with seawater from the Ofunato Bay in Japan.
“Similar conclusions were drawn from a 5-year study focusing on the bacterial genera associated with seawater from the Ofunato Bay in Japan (Kobiyama et al., 2021).”
From The Active Microbiota of the Eggs and the Nauplii of the Pacific Blue Shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris Partially Shaped by a Potential Vertical Transmission (2022) · cites this paper as Kobiyama et al., 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x · Cited by 88,486 · see citing works
FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies
Magoč, T., & Salzberg, S. L. (2011) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507 · Cited by 15,366 · see citing works
Simpson, E. (1949) · Nature · doi:10.1038/163688a0 · Cited by 14,328 · see citing works
Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the sargasso sea
Venter, J. C., Remington, K., Heidelberg, J. F., Halpern, A. L., Rusch, D., Eisen, J. A., Wu, D., Paulsen, I., Nelson, K. E., Nelson, W., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093857 · Cited by 4,376 · see citing works
Structure and function of the global ocean microbiome
Sunagawa, S., Coelho, L. P., Chaffron, S., Kultima, J. R., Labadie, K., Salazar, G., Djahanschiri, B., Zeller, G., Mende, D. R., Alberti, A., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1261359 · Cited by 2,945 · see citing works
Fast and sensitive taxonomic classification for metagenomics with Kaiju
Menzel, P., Ng, K. L., & Krogh, A. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11257 · Cited by 2,101 · see citing works
Handelsman, J., Rondon, M. R., Brady, S. F., Clardy, J., & Goodman, R. M. (1998) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/s1074-5521(98)90108-9 · Cited by 2,007 · see citing works
Beyond biogeographic patterns: processes shaping the microbial landscape
Hanson, C. A., Fuhrman, J., Horner-Devine, M. C., & Martiny, J. B. (2012) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2795 · Cited by 1,544 · see citing works
Flombaum, P., Gallegos, J. L., Gordillo, R. A., Rincón, J., Zabala, L. L., Jiao, N., Karl, D. M., Li, W. K. W., Lomas, M. W., Veneziano, D., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1307701110 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
Teeling, H., Fuchs, B. M., Becher, D., Klockow, C., Gardebrecht, A., Bennke, C. M., Kassabgy, M., Huang, S., Mann, A. J., Waldmann, J., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1218344 · Cited by 1,405 · see citing works
Prochlorococcus , a Marine Photosynthetic Prokaryote of Global Significance
Partensky, F., Hess, W. R., & Vaulot, D. (1999) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.63.1.106-127.1999 · Cited by 1,357 · see citing works
Master recyclers: features and functions of bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms
Buchan, A., LeCleir, G. R., Gulvik, C. A., & González, J. M. (2014) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3326 · Cited by 1,212 · see citing works
SAR11 clade dominates ocean surface bacterioplankton communities
Morris, R. M., Rappé, M. S., Connon, S. A., Vergin, K. L., Siebold, W. A., Carlson, C. A., & Giovannoni, S. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01240 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Defining seasonal marine microbial community dynamics
Gilbert, J. A., Steele, J. A., Caporaso, J. G., Steinbrück, L., Reeder, J., Temperton, B., Huse, S. M., McHardy, A. C., Knight, R. D., Joint, I. R., et al. (2011) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.107 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Marine microbial community dynamics and their ecological interpretation
Fuhrman, J. A., Cram, J. A., & Needham, D. M. (2015) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3417 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Dynamics of Bacterial Community Composition and Activity during a Mesocosm Diatom Bloom
Riemann, L., Steward, G. F., & Azam, F. (2000) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.66.2.578-587.2000 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
The biological pump: Profiles of plankton production and consumption in the upper ocean
Longhurst, A. R., & Harrison, W. G. (1989) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/0079-6611(89)90010-4 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Annually reoccurring bacterial communities are predictable from ocean conditions
Fuhrman, J. A., Hewson, I., Schwalbach, M. S., Steele, J. A., Brown, M. V., & Naeem, S. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602399103 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Genomic insights to SAR86, an abundant and uncultivated marine bacterial lineage
Dupont, C. L., Rusch, D. B., Yooseph, S., Lombardo, M., Richter, R. A., Valas, R. E., Novotny, M. A., Yee-Greenbaum, J. L., Selengut, J., Haft, D. H., et al. (2011) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.189 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
The seasonal structure of microbial communities in the Western English Channel
Gilbert, J. A., Field, D., Swift, P., Newbold, L. K., Oliver, A., Smyth, T., Somerfield, P. J., Huse, S. M., & Joint, I. R. (2009) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02017.x · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Mullins, T. D., Britschgi, T. B., Krest, R. L., & Giovannoni, S. J. (1995) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.1.0148 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
SAR11 marine bacteria require exogenous reduced sulphur for growth
Tripp, H. J., Kitner, J. B., Schwalbach, M. S., Dacey, J. W. H., Wilhelm, L., & Giovannoni, S. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06776 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Pfennig, N. (1967) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.21.100167.001441 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Pigments, size, and distributions of Synechococcus in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Olson, R. J., Chisholm, S. W., Zettler, E., et al. (1990) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1990.35.1.0045 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Seasonality in Ocean Microbial Communities
Giovannoni, S. J., & Vergin, K. L. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198078 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Phytoplankton exudate release as an energy source for the growth of pelagic bacteria
Larsson, U., & Hagstr�m, A. (1979) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00398133 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Gosink, J. J., Woese, C. R., & Staley, J. T. (1998) · International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology · doi:10.1099/00207713-48-1-223 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Galand, P. E., Pereira, O., Hochart, C., Auguet, J., & Debroas, D. (2018) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0158-1 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Seasonality and vertical structure of microbial communities in an ocean gyre
Treusch, A. H., Vergin, K. L., Finlay, L. A., Donatz, M. G., Burton, R. M., Carlson, C. A., & Giovannoni, S. J. (2009) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.60 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Morris, R. M., Vergin, K. L., Cho, J., Rappé, M. S., Carlson, C. A., & Giovannoni, S. J. (2005) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2005.50.5.1687 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Alonso‐Sáez, L., Balagué, V., Sà, E. L., Sánchez, O., González, J. M., Pinhassi, J., Massana, R., Pernthaler, J., Pedrós‐Alió, C., & Gasol, J. M. (2007) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00276.x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Current opportunities and challenges in microbial metagenome analysis--a bioinformatic perspective
Teeling, H., & Glöckner, F. O. (2012) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbs039 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Steindler, L., Schwalbach, M. S., Smith, D. P., Chan, F., & Giovannoni, S. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019725 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Stewart, I., Webb, P. M., Schlüter, P. J., & Shaw, G. R. (2006) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-5-6 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Ibekwe, A. M., Ma, J., & Murinda, S. E. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.168 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Marine microbial metagenomes sampled across space and time
Biller, S. J., Berube, P. M., Dooley, K. D., Williams, M., Satinsky, B. M., Hackl, T., Hogle, S., Coe, A., Bergauer, K., Bouman, H. A., et al. (2018) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.176 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Seasonal changes in the taxonomic composition of bacterioplankton in a coastal oligotrophic system
Schauer, M., Balagué, V., Pedrós‐Alió, C., et al. (2003) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame031163 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
SAR11 bacteria linked to ocean anoxia and nitrogen loss
Tsementzi, D., Wu, J., Deutsch, S., Nath, S., Rodriguez‐R, L. M., Burns, A. S., Ranjan, P., Sarode, N., Malmstrom, R. R., Padilla, C. C., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19068 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Microbes, Molecules, and Marine Ecosystems
Azam, F., & Worden, A. Z. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093892 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Variation of water system distribution in the Sanriku Coastal Area
Hanawa, K., & Mitsudera, H. (1986) · Journal of Oceanography · doi:10.1007/bf02110194 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Bowman, J. P., McCammon, S. A., Brown, J., et al. (1997) · International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology · doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-670 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Mason, O. U., Meo-Savoie, C. A. D., Nostrand, J. D. V., Zhou, J. Z., Fisk, M. R., & Giovannoni, S. J. (2008) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2008.92 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Microbial Ecology of a Brackish Water Environment
Rheinheimer, G. (1977) · Ecological studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66791-6 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Unique glycine‐activated riboswitch linked to glycine–serine auxotrophy in SAR11
Tripp, H. J., Schwalbach, M. S., Meyer, M. M., Kitner, J. B., Breaker, R. R., & Giovannoni, S. J. (2008) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01758.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Bowman, J. P., McCammon, S. A., Brown, J., et al. (1998) · International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology · doi:10.1099/00207713-48-4-1213 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Microorganisms and biogeochemical cycles; what can we learn from layered microbial communities?
Nealson, K. H., & Stahl, D. A. (1997) · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Rabl, A. (2006) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-5-1 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Oh, H., Kwon, K. K., Kang, I., et al. (2010) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00347-10 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Berube, P. M., Biller, S. J., Hackl, T., Hogle, S., Satinsky, B. M., Becker, J. W., Braakman, R., Collins, S. B., Kelly, L., Berta-Thompson, J. W., et al. (2018) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.154 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The oceanic cycle of carbon monoxide and its emissions to the atmosphere
Conte, L., Szopa, S., Séférian, R., & Bopp, L. (2019) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-16-881-2019 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Tamames, J., Cobo-Simón, M., & Puente‐Sánchez, F. (2019) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-019-6289-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Formosa algae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae
Ivanova, E. P., Alexeeva, Y. V., Flavier, S., et al. (2004) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02763-0 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Seasonal Dynamics of Marine Microbial Community in the South Sea of Korea
Suh, S., Park, M., Hwang, J., Kil, E., Jung, S. W., Lee, S., & Lee, T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131633 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
A catalogue of 136 microbial draft genomes from Red Sea metagenomes
Haroon, M. F., Thompson, L., Parks, D. H., Hugenholtz, P., & Stingl, U. (2016) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.50 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Li, Y., Jing, H., Xia, X., Cheung, S., Suzuki, K., & Liu, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00623 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Giebel, H., Kalhoefer, D., Gahl‐Janßen, R., et al. (2013) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijs.0.053249-0 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Giebel, H., Wolterink, M., Brinkhoff, T., et al. (2019) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiz050 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Non-Random Assembly of Bacterioplankton Communities in the Subtropical North Pacific Ocean
Eiler, A., Hayakawa, D. H., & Rappé, M. S. (2011) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00140 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bacterial Growth Rates and Biomass Production
Meyer-Reil, L.-A. (1977) · Ecological studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66791-6_16 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Dı́ez, B., Nylander, J. A. A., Ininbergs, K., Dupont, C. L., Allen, A. E., Yooseph, S., Rusch, D. B., & Bergman, B. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155757 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Paerl, R. W., Turk, K. A., Beinart, R. A., Chávez, F. P., & Zehr, J. P. (2011) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02594.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Marshall, K. T., & Morris, R. M. (2015) · Genome Announcements · doi:10.1128/genomea.01155-15 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Yamada, Y., Kaga, S., Kaga, Y., et al. (2015) · Journal of Oceanography · doi:10.1007/s10872-015-0336-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationKudo, T., Kobiyama, A., Rashid, J., et al. (2018) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.072 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationTaxonomic profiles in metagenomic analyses of free-living microbial communities in the Ofunato Bay
Reza, M. S., Kobiyama, A., Yamada, Y., Ikeda, Y., Ikeda, D., Mizusawa, N., Ikeo, K., Sato, S., Ogata, T., Jimbo, M., et al. (2018) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.075 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, J., Kwon, K. K., Lim, S.-I., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12275-019-9001-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jiao, N., & Ni, I. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5234-1_22 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Basin-scale seasonal changes in marine free-living bacterioplankton community in the Ofunato Bay
Reza, M. S., Kobiyama, A., Yamada, Y., et al. (2018) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.074 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationKobiyama, A., Ikeo, K., Reza, M. S., Rashid, J., Yamada, Y., Ikeda, Y., Ikeda, D., Mizusawa, N., Sato, S., Ogata, T., et al. (2018) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.073 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationMean seasonal changes of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Ofunato estuary.
Hayakawa, Y. (1990) · NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI · doi:10.2331/suisan.56.1717 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Editorial: Molecular Ecology and Genetic Diversity of the Roseobacter Clade
Daniel, R., Simon, M., & Wemheuer, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01185 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jiao, N., & Ni, I. (1997) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1023/a:1003027408303 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Short communication. Biomass and production of cyanobacteria in a coastal water of Sagami Bay, Japan
Hamasaki, K. (1999) · Journal of Plankton Research · doi:10.1093/plankt/21.8.1583 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Spietz, R. L., Marshall, K. T., Zhao, X., et al. (2019) · Microbiology Resource Announcements · doi:10.1128/mra.00097-19 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rashid, J., Kobiyama, A., Reza, M. S., et al. (2018) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.071 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationKudo, T., Reza, M. S., Kobiyama, A., et al. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8134-8_12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Ecology and Genetic Diversity of the Roseobacter Clade
(2018) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-88945-538-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Giraud, C., Callac, N., Boulo, V., Lam, J.-S., Pham, D., Selmaoui-Folcher, N., & Wabete, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.886752 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kobiyama, A., Rashid, J., Reza, M. S., Ikeda, Y., Yamada, Y., Kudo, T., Mizusawa, N., Yanagisawa, S., Ikeda, D., Sato, S., Ogata, T., Ikeo, K., Kaga, S., Watanabe, S., Naiki, K., Kaga, Y., Segawa, S., Tada, Y., Musashi, T., Mineta, K., Gojobori, T., & Watabe, S.
- Affiliations
- Kitasato University (JP)
- Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BD)
- Bangladesh Agricultural University (BD)
- National Institute of Genetics (JP)
- Iwate Fisheries Technology Center (JP)
- Iwate Prefectural Inland Fisheries Technology Center (JP)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Gojobori, Takashi
- Watabe, Shugo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2021-08-26
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17277-17277
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8390468
- OpenAlex
- W3195959347
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (URF/1/1976-03-01, URF/1/1976-17-01, URF/1/1976-20-01)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- microbial communities, seasonal variation, enclosed bay, bacterial diversity, SAR86, eukaryotes, archaea, viruses, salinity, dissolved oxygen, seawater temperature, metagenomics, whole genome shotgun sequencing
- MeSH terms
- Whole Genome Sequencing, Cyanobacteria, Bacteria, Geography, Japan, Oxygen, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Seawater, Temperature, Ecosystem, Salinity, Metagenomics, Bays, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
