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Removal behaviour of residual pollutants from biologically treated palm oil mill effluent by Pennisetum purpureum in constructed wetland

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Ujang, Farhana Aziz, Roslan, Ahmad Muhaimin, Osman, Nurul Atiqah, Norman, Ashreen, Idris, Juferi, Farid, Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad, Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi, Gozan, Misri +1 more·2021·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-97789-0PMC PMC8440592
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Abstract

The reason for such enormous efforts in palm oil mill effluent research would be what has been singled out as one of the major sources of pollution in Malaysia, and perhaps the most costly and complex waste to manage. Palm oil mill final discharge, which is the treated effluent, will usually be discharged to nearby land or river since it has been the least costly way to dispose of. Irrefutably, the quality level of the treated effluent does not always satisfy the surface water quality in conformity to physicochemical characteristics. To work on improving the treated effluent quality, a vertical surface-flow constructed wetland system was designed with Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass) planted on the wetland floor. The system effectively reduced the level of chemical oxygen demand by 62.2 ± 14.3%, total suspended solid by 88.1 ± 13.3%, ammonia by 62.3 ± 24.8%, colour by 66.6 ± 13.19%, and tannin and lignin by 57.5 ± 22.3%. Heat map depicted bacterial diversity and relative abundance in life stages from the wetland soil, whereby bacterial community associated with the pollutant removal was found to be from the families Anaerolineaceae and Nitrosomonadaceae, and phyla Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria.

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  • Research in phytoremediation has improved significantly, and there has been an increase in practical field applications.

    “The research in phytoremediation has improved significantly, and there has been an increase in practical field applications (Afzal et al., 2019; Ujang et al., 2021).”

    From Sustainability of phytoremediation: Post-harvest stratagems and economic opportunities for the produced metals contaminated biomass (2023) · cites this paper as Ujang et al., 2021

    The Introduction (page not provided) describes phytoremediation and its use in constructed wetlands, but does not assess whether research has improved significantly or field applications have increased. Searches for research progress and growth in practical field applications found no passage establishing either trend. (LLM, conf=0.73)

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Authors
Ujang, F. A., Roslan, A. M., Osman, N. A., Norman, A., Idris, J., Farid, M. A. A., Halmi, M. I. E., Gozan, M., & Hassan, M. A.
Affiliations
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA System (MY)
  • University of Indonesia (ID)
Corresponding author
Roslan, Ahmad Muhaimin
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-09-14
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
18257-18257
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-021-97789-0
PMC
PMC8440592
OpenAlex
W3199115415
Cited by
27
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
FWCI
2.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
Universiti Putra Malaysia (9510900)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
Keywords
palm oil mill effluent, constructed wetlands, Pennisetum purpureum, surface flow constructed wetland, COD removal, total suspended solids, ammonia removal, color removal, bacterial communities, Anaerolineaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, effluent treatment

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