Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in tropical and subtropical regions (2000–2013)
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option for developing countries. With the goal of promoting sustainable engineered systems that support human well-being but are also compatible with sustaining natural (environmental) systems, the application of CWs has become more relevant. Such application is especially significant for developing countries with tropical climates, which are very conducive to higher biological activity and productivity, resulting in higher treatment efficiencies compared to those in temperate climates. This paper therefore highlights the practice, applications, and research of treatment wetlands under tropical and subtropical conditions since 2000. In the present review, removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solid (TSS) was shown to be very efficient and consistent across all types of treatment wetlands. Hybrid systems appeared more efficient in the removal of total suspended solid (TSS) (91.3%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (84.3%), and nitrogen (i.e., 80.7% for ammonium (NH)4-N, 80.8% for nitrate (NO)3-N, and 75.4% for total nitrogen (TN)) as compared to other wetland systems. Vertical subsurface flow (VSSF) CWs removed TSS (84.9%), BOD (87.6%), and nitrogen (i.e., 66.2% for NH4-N, 73.3% for NO3-N, and 53.3% for TN) more efficiently than horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs, while HSSF CWs (69.8%) showed better total phosphorus (TP) removal compared to VSSF CWs (60.1%). Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) showed comparable removal efficiencies for BOD (70.7%), NH4-N (63.6%), and TP (44.8%) to free water surface (FWS) CW systems.
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Artificial wetlands are an additional option for urban wastewater treatment, but the risk of harboring disease vectors must be mitigated.
“Artificial wetlands are an additional option for urban wastewater treatment [223,224] however, just with other open stagnant water bodies the risk of harboring disease vectors must be mitigated.”
From Urban Stream and Wetland Restoration in the Global South—A DPSIR Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [224]
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- Authors
- Zhang, D.-Q., Jinadasa, K. B. S. N., Gersberg, R. M., Liu, Y., Tan, S. K., & Ng, W. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Peradeniya (LK)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 30
- Pages
- 30-46
- ISSN
- 1001-0742 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043284519
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Keywords
- constructed wetlands, wastewater treatment, tropical and subtropical climates, hybrid constructed wetlands, vertical subsurface flow, horizontal subsurface flow, floating treatment wetlands, free water surface wetlands, BOD removal, total suspended solids, nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal, developing countries
- MeSH terms
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Tropical Climate, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Purification, Wetlands
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