Assessment of the impact of a personalised nutrition intervention in impaired glucose regulation over 26 weeks: a randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Dietary interventions can reduce progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia. In this study we aimed to determine the impact of a DNA-personalised nutrition intervention in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia over 26 weeks. ASPIRE-DNA was a pilot study. Participants were randomised into three arms to receive either (i) Control arm: standard care (NICE guidelines) (n = 51), (ii) Intervention arm: DNA-personalised dietary advice (n = 50), or (iii) Exploratory arm: DNA-personalised dietary advice via a self-guided app and wearable device (n = 46). The primary outcome was the difference in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between the Control and Intervention arms after 6 weeks. 180 people were recruited, of whom 148 people were randomised, mean age of 59 years (SD = 11), 69% of whom were female. There was no significant difference in the FPG change between the Control and Intervention arms at 6 weeks (- 0.13 mmol/L (95% CI [- 0.37, 0.11]), p = 0.29), however, we found that a DNA-personalised dietary intervention led to a significant reduction of FPG at 26 weeks in the Intervention arm when compared to standard care (- 0.019 (SD = 0.008), p = 0.01), as did the Exploratory arm (- 0.021 (SD = 0.008), p = 0.006). HbA1c at 26 weeks was significantly reduced in the Intervention arm when compared to standard care (- 0.038 (SD = 0.018), p = 0.04). There was some evidence suggesting prevention of progression to T2DM across the groups that received a DNA-based intervention (p = 0.06). Personalisation of dietary advice based on DNA did not result in glucose changes within the first 6 weeks but was associated with significant reduction of FPG and HbA1c at 26 weeks when compared to standard care. The DNA-based diet was effective regardless of intervention type, though results should be interpreted with caution due to the low sample size. These findings suggest that DNA-based dietary guidance is an effective intervention compared to standard care, but there is still a minimum timeframe of adherence to the intervention before changes in clinical outcomes become apparent.Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov.uk Ref: NCT03702465.
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Karvela et al indicated that the effect of PHT on improving HbA1c was not significantly different compared to the control group (P=.31).
“Karvela et al [42] indicated that the effect of PHT on improving HbA1c was not significantly different compared to the control group (P=.31).”
From Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
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Yuan, T., Yu, W., & Chen, Y. (2026) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2026.105562 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Multiomics: the intersection of personalized nutrition in cardiometabolic diseases
Çelik, E., Koçyiğit, E., Bingöl, F. G., Karaçolak, C., Cemali, Ö., Simonelli, M., Ağagündüz, D., & Capasso, R. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-07836-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Key evidence for personalised nutrition: a review of randomised controlled trials
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Harnessing Personalized Nutrition and Clinical Chemistry: Opportunities to Improve Public Health
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Precision nutrition must consider cost-effectiveness to deliver benefits to patients
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Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction: Contributions of Nutritional Genomics
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Personalized Nutrition for Hypertension: Current Evidence and Future Directions
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- Authors
- Karvela, M., Golden, C. T., Bell, N., Martin-Li, S., Bedzo-Nutakor, J., Bosnic, N., DeBeaudrap, P., de Mateo-Lopez, S., Alajrami, A., Qin, Y., Eze, M., Hon, T.-K., Simón-Sánchez, J., Sahoo, R., Pearson-Stuttard, J., Soon-Shiong, P., Toumazou, C., & Oliver, N.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Toumazou, Christofer
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2024-03-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5428-5428
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10914757
- OpenAlex
- W4392458671
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Department of Health and Social Care
- Imperial College London
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- personalized nutrition, prediabetes, non-diabetic hyperglycaemia, type 2 diabetes prevention, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, wearable devices, dietary intervention, pilot study, older adults, diabetes prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, DNA, Female, Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects
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