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SARS-CoV-2 infection activates inflammatory macrophages in vascular immune organoids
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 provokes devastating tissue damage by cytokine release syndrome and leads to multi-organ failure. Modeling the process of immune cell activation and subsequent tissue damage is a significant task. Organoids from human tissues advanced our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms though, they are missing crucial components: immune cells and endothelial cells. This study aims to generate organoids with these components. We established vascular immune organoids from human pluripotent stem cells and examined the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We demonstrated that infections activated inflammatory macrophages. Notably, the upregulation of interferon signaling supports macrophages’ role in cytokine release syndrome. We propose vascular immune organoids are a useful platform to model and discover factors that ameliorate SARS-CoV-2-mediated cytokine release syndrome.
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Vascular-associated inflammatory readouts are relevant to inflammatory skin pathophysiology.
“An important feature of the VSA system is its ability to assess vascular-associated inflammatory readouts, which are relevant to inflammatory skin pathophysiology [40][41][42] .”
From Vascularized human skin assembloids model compartmental skin organization and immune responsiveness in vitro (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
The Results report inflammatory gene signatures and IL6 in vascular immune organoids after SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting the use of vascular-associated inflammatory readouts. The paper does not establish their relevance to inflammatory skin pathophysiology; its Discussion concerns COVID-19-related cytokine release and vascular damage, not skin disease. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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“BSG 31 and NRP1 26,32 expressed endothelial cells, stromal cells, and monocytes.”
BackgroundCytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19
Moore, J. B., & June, C. H. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb8925 · Cited by 1,912
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors using lung and colonic organoids
Han, Y., Duan, X., Yang, L., Nilsson-Payant, B. E., Wang, P., Duan, F., Tang, X., Yaron, T. M., Zhang, T., Uhl, S., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2901-9 · Cited by 530
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kim, M.-J., Lee, S., & Kang, K.-S. (2026) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-026-01840-x
Metadata
- Authors
- Chau, C. W., To, A., Au-Yeung, R. K. H., Tang, K., Xiang, Y., Ruan, D., Zhang, L., Wong, H., Zhang, S., Au, M. T., Chung, S., Song, E., Choi, D.-H., Liu, P., Yuan, S., Wen, C., & Sugimura, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Korea University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Wen, Chunyi
- Sugimura, Ryohichi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2024-04-16
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8781-8781
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11021416
- OpenAlex
- W4394855728
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, inflammatory macrophages, cytokine release syndrome, interferon signaling, human pluripotent stem cells, endothelial cells, multiple organ failure, COVID-19 pathogenesis, disease modeling
- MeSH terms
- Cytokine Release Syndrome, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Macrophages, Organoids, Endothelial Cells
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