Wastewater-based monitoring could help guide responses to the USA opioid epidemic

The rise of illicit fentanyls, stimulants and the fourth wave of the opioid overdose crisis

Ciccarone, D. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000717 · Cited by 987 · see citing works

Measuring biomarkers in wastewater as a new source of epidemiological information: Current state and future perspectives

Gracia‐Lor, E., Castiglioni, S., Bade, R., Béen, F. M., Castrignanò, E., Covaci, A., González‐Mariño, I., Hapeshi, E., Kasprzyk‐Hordern, B., Kinyua, J., et al. (2016) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.016 · Cited by 293 · see citing works

The spatial epidemiology of cocaine, methamphetamine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use: a demonstration using a population measure of community drug load derived from municipal wastewater

Banta‐Green, C. J., Field, J. A., Chiaia‐Hernández, A. C., Sudakin, D. L., Power, L. E., & de Montigny, L. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02678.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works

An analysis of ethical issues in using wastewater analysis to monitor illicit drug use

Hall, W., Prichard, J., Kirkbride, K. P., Bruno, R., Thai, P. K., GARTNER, C. E., Lai, F. Y., Ort, C., & Mueller, J. F. (2012) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03887.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Wastewater analysis can be a powerful public health tool—if it’s done sensibly

Safford, H., Shapiro, K., & Bischel, H. N. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2119600119 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Long-term tracking of opioid consumption in two United States cities using wastewater-based epidemiology approach

Gushgari, A. J., Venkatesan, A. K., Chen, J., Steele, J. C., & Halden, R. U. (2019) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.003 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Tunable control of Cas12 activity promotes universal and fast one-pot nucleic acid detection

Cheng, Z., Luo, X., Yu, S. L., Min, D., Zhang, S., Li, X., Chen, J., Liu, D., & Yu, H. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56516-3 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Wastewater surveillance for antibiotics and resistance genes in a river catchment: Spatiotemporal variations and the main drivers

Wang, Z., Cai, M., Du, P., & Li, X. (2023) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.121090 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Wastewater-Based Monitoring of the Nitazene Analogues: First Detection of Protonitazene in Wastewater

Bade, R., Nadarajan, D., Driver, E. M., Halden, R. U., Gerber, C., Krotulski, A., Hall, W., & Mueller, J. F. (2024) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170781 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Early identification of the use of potent benzylbenzimidazoles (nitazenes) through wastewater analysis: Two years of data from 22 countries

Bade, R., Nadarajan, D., Hall, W., Brown, J. A., NPS Wastewater Consortium, & Schumann, J. (2025) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70027 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Target and Nontarget Screening to Support Capacity Scaling for Substance Use Assessment through a Statewide Wastewater Surveillance Network in New York

Vogel, E., Neyra, M., Larsen, D. A., & Zeng, T. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c01251 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Wastewater Surveillance for Xylazine in Kentucky

Delcher, C., Quesinberry, D. B., Torabi, S., Berry, S. M., Keck, J. W., Rani, A., & Subedi, B. (2024) · AJPM Focus · doi:10.1016/j.focus.2024.100203 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Wastewater surveillance of high risk substances in Southern Nevada: Sucralose normalization to translate data for potential public health action

Gerrity, D. W., Crank, K. C., Oh, E. C. T., Quiñones, O., Trenholm, R. A., & Vanderford, B. J. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168369 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Could wastewater-based surveillance be key to combating antimicrobial resistance?

Balcázar, J. L. (2025) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02778-25 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Unraveling Matrix Effects: A Study on Drugs of Abuse in Wastewater Samples from Southern Ontario, Canada

Cárdenas-Soracá, D. M., Salic, S., Warkentin, L., Chong, C., Suárez, P. A. O., Vakharia, R., Bragg, L. M., & Servos, M. R. (2025) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.5c00092 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Mapping the heterogeneous removal landscape of wastewater virome in effluents of different advanced wastewater treatment systems of swine farm

Xing, J., Gao, H., Liu, G., Cao, X., Zhong, J., Xu, S., Li, Y., Pang, Y., Zhang, G., & Sun, Y. (2024) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122446 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Influent, as opposed to activated sludge, is more suitable for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in wastewater treatment plants

Cheng, Z., Li, J., Zhang, H., Liu, D., & Yu, H. (2024) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.123038 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Deciphering Sensor Reading Noises in Complex Wastewater Environments Using Real-Time In Situ Hybrid GenAI Wastewater-Sensor Entity

Wang, X., Zhao, Z., Rothfarb, S., Lu, S., Temple, L., Yang, Y., & Li, B. (2025) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.5c00510 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The use of wastewater based epidemiology to detect synthetic opioids in the community

Bade, R., & Hall, W. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.q5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Correlations between wastewater levels of naloxone and substance use disorder treatment medications with treatment encounters and overdoses – Marin County, California, USA, March 2023–June 2024

Hannah, H. A., Prebil, L. A., Condon, C., DeVido, J. J., Zenoff, F., Hess, K., & Willis, M. D. (2025) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105823 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Correlation between wastewater-based substance use prevalence and syringe distribution in a harm reduction program in the United States

Subedi, B., Hampton, H. D., Revell, J., Kharel, K., & Nath, G. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180186 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

First Detection of Xylazine in Texas Wastewater and Its Association with Fentanyl UsePreprint

Joseph, K., Parikh, D., Xuan, Q., Li, F., Balliew, J., Mena, K. D., & Wu, F. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.24317580 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Integrating community perspectives to enhance the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology for addressing substance use in the United States

Sabo‐Attwood, T., Bowes, D. A., & Bisesi, J. H. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000001016 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Reply to Mehrotra et al. Wastewater-Based Surveillance Does Not Belong in a Regulatory Framework Designed to Protect Waters That Receive Treated Wastewater. Comment on “Wright, T.; Adhikari, A. Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5282”

Wright, T., & Adhikari, A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20176637 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Wastewater-based epidemiology for health and lifestyle

Castiglioni, S., Li, X., Burgard, D. A., & Thai, P. K. (2023) · doi:10.52843/cassyni.ls2krw

Wastewater-Based Monitoring of the Nitazene Analogues: First Detection of Protonitazene in Wastewater from the United StatesPreprint

Bade, R., Nadarajan, D., Driver, E. M., Halden, R. U., Gerber, C., Krotulski, A. J., Hall, W., & Mueller, J. F. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4625819

Transferable Mass Spectrometry Methods – Sustainable Forensic Intelligence: Mass Spectrometry-based Methods for Monitoring Fentanyl-related Substances in Wastewater-based Epidemiology

Barron, L., Grant, D., Marczylo, T. H., & Gant, T. W. (2023) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/bk9781837671922-00205

Mechanism of environmental toxicity of emerging contaminants

Patil, Y., Gade, S. M., & Bhanage, B. M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34270-7.00025-0

Developments in categorizing and handling emerging contaminants in ecosystem: Toxicity assessment, analytical approaches, revolutionary pathways, environmental fate, and remedy

Gade, S. M., Patil, Y., & Bhanage, B. M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34270-7.00011-0

First Detection of Xylazine in Texas Wastewater and Its Association with Fentanyl Use

Joseph, K., Qin, X., Parikh, D., Li, F., Balliew, J., Mena, K. D., & Wu, F. (2026) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.5c01016

The potential role of wastewater surveillance signals for overdose prevention in Marin County, California, February 2023–June 2024

Hannah, H. A., Zhu, S., Quader, Z. S., Louis, S., Thatipamala, P., Prebil, L. A., Bias, M., Adams, C., Reese, H. E., Ricaldi, J. N., et al. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2026.126153

Trends of Fentanyl and Oxycodone Use in Australia (2018–2022) in National Prescription and Wastewater Data Sets

Ngo, H. K. T., Thai, P. K., Connor, J. P., Loveday, B. J., Verhagen, R., Bade, R., O'Brien, J. W., Gerber, C., Peake, B., Simpson, B. S., et al. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c18126

“Waste Not, Want Not” — Leveraging Sewer Systems and Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Drug Use Trends and Pharmaceutical Monitoring

Erickson, T. B., Endo, N., Duvallet, C., Ghaeli, N., Hess, K., Alm, E. J., Matus, M. G., & Chai, P. R. (2021) · Journal of Medical Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13181-021-00853-4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Leveraging an established neighbourhood-level, open access wastewater monitoring network to address public health priorities: a population-based study

Bowes, D. A., Driver, E. M., Kraberger, S. J., Fontenele, R. S., Holland, L. A., Wright, J., Johnston, B., Savic, S., Newell, M. E., Adhikari, S., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00289-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia

Wright, T., & Adhikari, A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20075282 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Wastewater-Based Surveillance Does Not Belong in a Regulatory Framework Designed to Protect Waters That Receive Treated Wastewater. Comment on Wright, T.; Adhikari, A. Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5282

Mehrotra, A. S., Munakata, N., Maal‐Bared, R., Gerrity, D. W., Sabater, J., & Bessler, S. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20176636 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A nationwide wastewater monitoring pilot to identify legal and illegal substances and enable future substance use research

Chai, P. R., Hess, K., Donnelly, M. A. P., & Matus, M. G. (2026) · Nature Water · doi:10.1038/s44221-026-00660-7