The Hall Technique 10 years on: Questions and answers
Open accessAbstract
It is ten years since the first paper on the Hall Technique was published in the British Dental Journal and almost 20 years since the technique first came to notice. Dr Norna Hall a (now retired) general dental practitioner from the north of Scotland had, for many years, been managing carious primary molar teeth by cementing preformed metal crowns over them, with no local anaesthesia, tooth preparation or carious tissue removal. This first report, a retrospective analysis of Dr Hall's treatments, caused controversy. How could simply sealing a carious lesion, with all the associated bacteria and decayed tissues, possibly be clinically successful? Since then, growing understanding that caries is essentially a biofilm driven disease rather than an infectious disease, explains why the Hall Technique, and other 'sealing in' carious lesion techniques, are successful. The intervening ten years has seen robust evidence from several randomised control trials that are either completed or underway. These have found the Hall Technique superior to comparator treatments, with success rates (no pain or infection) of 99% (UK study) and 100% (Germany) at one year, 98% and 93% over two years (UK and Germany) and 97% over five years (UK). The Hall Technique is now regarded as one of several biological management options for carious lesions in primary molars. This paper covers commonly asked questions about the Hall Technique and speculates on what lies ahead.
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Parental acceptance significantly increases when informed about the superior success rates and enduring benefits of preventing further decay.
“Parental acceptance significantly increases when informed about the superior success rates and enduring benefits of preventing further decay [53].”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
The Hall technique is most efficacious for primary molars that are not pulpally compromised.
“this technique is most efficacious for primary molars that are not pulpally compromised”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
Challenges of the Hall technique include aesthetic factors, constraints in case selection, and transient alterations in occlusion.
“However, it is essential to consider challenges such as aesthetic factors, constraints in case selection, and transient alterations in occlusion [52,53].”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
Training and exposure of clinicians remain significant challenges for the Hall technique.
“Moreover, the training and exposure of clinicians remain significant challenges, underscoring the need for improved education and practical experience [53].”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
Occlusal adaptation generally resolves within several weeks.
“While occlusal adaptation generally resolves within several weeks”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
In instances of considerable structural damage, alternative interventions may be required.
“In instances of considerable structural damage, alternative interventions may be required [51,53].”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
Cites
Sealing Caries in Primary Molars: Randomized Control Trial, 5-year Results
Innes, N. P. T., Evans, D. J. P., & Stirrups, D. R. (2011) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034511422064 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citationPreformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth
Innes, N. P., Ricketts, D., Chong, L. Y., Keightley, A. J., Lamont, T., & Santamaria, R. M. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005512.pub3 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationInnes, N. P. T., Stirrups, D. R., Evans, D. J. P., Hall, N., & Leggate, M. (2006) · British Dental Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4813466 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
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Ezzeldin, T., Al-Awasi, K. A., Bader, R. M., Alshaikhi, A. Y., Hakami, A. H., Siddiqui, I. A., Almulhim, A. A., & Alsubaie, T. M. (2021) · The Saudi Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.01.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
AL-Kaff, A. A., Alshehri, A. Z., Alasmari, R. A., Alsubaie, N., Aldaws, A., Althaqeel, A., Alshehri, R. S., & Alawaji, Y. M. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.87450 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Parental acceptance significantly increases when informed about the superior success rates and enduring benefits of preventing further decay [53].”
InfluentialYörel, V. İ. (2025) · Cumhuriyet Dental Journal · doi:10.7126/cumudj.1626945 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Innes, N. P. T., Evans, D. J. P., Bonifacio, C. C., Geneser, M., Hesse, D., Heimer, M., Kanellis, M., Machiulskiene, V., Narbutaité, J., Olegário, I. C., Owais, A., Araujo, M. P., Raggio, D. P., Splieth, C., van Amerongen, E., Weber-Gasparoni, K., & Santamaria, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Dundee (GB)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LT)
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Innes, N. P. T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Dental Journal
- Published
- 2017-03-24
- Volume
- 222
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 478-483
- ISSN
- 0007-0610 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5373
- OpenAlex
- W2600669056
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 16.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- BDJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Dental materials and restorations
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
- Keywords
- Hall technique, preformed metal crowns, biofilm, caries management, caries treatment
- MeSH terms
- Dental Caries, Dental Restoration, Permanent, Humans, Molar, Time Factors, Tooth, Deciduous
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