Viroids: an Ariadne's thread into the RNA labyrinth
Open accessAbstract
Viroids are structurally, functionally and evolutionarily different from viruses. Despite their small, non-protein-encoding, single-stranded circular RNA genome, viroids can infect higher plants and cause certain diseases. Members of the two viroid families, Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae, have evolved to usurp the transcriptional machinery of their host nuclei and chloroplasts, respectively, in which replication proceeds through a rolling-circle mechanism involving RNA polymerization, cleavage and ligation. Remarkably, viroids subvert certain DNA-dependent RNA polymerases to transcribe RNA templates, and, in the family Avsunviroidae, post-transcriptional cleavage is catalysed by hammerhead ribozymes. Viroids are models for studying RNA evolution and for analysing RNA transport in plants, because they can move intracellularly, intercellularly through plasmodesmata and to distal parts of the plant through the vascular system. Viroids elicit RNA-silencing phenomena, which might mediate some of their biological properties, including pathogenesis. As some viroids behave as catalytic RNAs, they are regarded as remnants of the RNA world.
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Viroids in family Avsunviroidae contain hammerhead self-cleavage motifs in both (+) and (-) strand to process oligomeric intermediates into monomeric forms.
“viroids in family Avsunviroidae contain hammerhead self-cleavage motifs in both the (+) and (−) strand to process oligomeric intermediates into monomeric forms (Daros et al. 2006)”
From The paradox of dual roles in the RNA world: resolving the conflict between stable folding and templating ability (2013) · cites this paper as Daros et al. 2006
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Ivica, N. A., Obermayer, B., Campbell, G. W., Rajamani, S., Gerland, U., & Chen, I. A. (2013) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-013-9584-x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Daròs, J., Elena, S. F., & Flores, R.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (ES)
- Venue
- The EMBO Reports
- Published
- 2006-06-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 593-598
- ISSN
- 1469-221X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-3178
- PMC
- PMC1479586
- OpenAlex
- W2053028162
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- EMBO Reports (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Virus Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- viroids, Pospiviroidae, Avsunviroidae, plant viroid disease, rolling circle replication, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, hammerhead ribozyme, RNA transport, plasmodesmata, RNA silencing, RNA evolution, RNA world, chloroplast replication, plant pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Models, Biological, Models, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Viruses, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, RNA, Viral, Viroids, Virus Replication, RNA, Catalytic, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Silencing, RNA Interference
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