Cited by 175Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesDialysis and Renal Disease ManagementCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

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Home blood pressure monitoring improves the diagnosis of hypertension in hemodialysis patients

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Agarwal, R., Andersen, M.J., Bishu, K., Saha, C.·2006·Kidney International

DOI 10.1038/sj.ki.5000145

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Abstract

Using interdialytic ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recordings as the reference standard, we compared the performance of routine, standardized and home BP monitoring in 104 predominantly black patients on chronic hemodialysis for at least 3 months. Dialysis unit BP recordings were averaged over 2 weeks and home BP over 1 week. Awake ambulatory BP of > or =135 mmHg systolic or > or =85 mmHg diastolic was taken as evidence of hypertension. Average awake ambulatory BP was 128.1+/-21.6/73.5+/-13.5 mmHg, home BP 141.3+/-21.9/78.7+/-11.9 mmHg, standardized pre-dialysis BP 141.7+/-22.6/74.2+/-13.5 mmHg and post-dialysis 119.9+/-20.5/69.1+/-13.1 mmHg, routine pre-dialysis 145.4+/-21.8/79.0+/-13.1 mmHg and post-dialysis 131.5+/-19.2/72.5+/-11.4 mmHg. Sixty-three percent of the patients had well-controlled BP by ambulatory BP monitoring and isolated diastolic hypertension was rare (3%). The standard deviation of the differences between ambulatory and routine pre-dialysis BP was 17.6 mmHg, routine post-dialysis was 16.1 mmHg, standardized pre-dialysis was 16.4 mmHg, standardized post-dialysis was 14.1 mmHg, and home BP was 14.2 mmHg. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves was similar for home and standardized BP but lower for routine BP. Home systolic BP of > or =150 mmHg averaged over 1 week had the best combination of sensitivity (80%) and specificity (84.1%) in diagnosing systolic hypertension--present in 94% of the hypertensive dialysis patients. Home BP monitoring is similar to standardized recording of BP in hemodialysis patients. A systolic BP threshold of 150 mmHg at home averaged over 1 week serves as a useful predictor of hypertension diagnosed by ambulatory BP monitoring.

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Capítulo 1 - Conceituação, Epidemiologia e Prevenção Primária
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“These potential measurement errors complicate not only chairside, clinical BP interpretation, but also create potential inaccuracies in research utilizing routinely measured dialysis unit BPs.”
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“Home BP monitoring outperforms routine dialysis unit BP measurements, even when averaged over a 2-wk period (38).”
Background
Hypertension in dialysis patients
Sarafidis, P. A., Persu, A., Agarwal, R., Burnier, M., de Leeuw, P. W., Ferro, C. J., Halimi, J., Heine, G. H., Jadoul, M. Y., Jarraya, F., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001283 · Cited by 85
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Diagnosing hypertension by intradialytic blood pressure recordings.
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BackgroundSelf-citation
Location Not Quantity of Blood Pressure Measurements Predicts Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
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Self-citation
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Background
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Self-citation
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Self-citation
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Self-citation
Call to Action on Use and Reimbursement for Home Blood Pressure Monitoring
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“HBPM has been shown to be superior to measurements made in the dialysis unit for predicting ambulatory hypertension.(146) Children”
Result
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“(9) reported the significance of self-recorded home BP three times a day during 1 wk in HD patients and showed that home BP correspond to ambulatory BP and left ventricular hypertrophy in HD patients (10,11).”
Background
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Bancej, C. M., Campbell, N. R. C., McKay, D. W., Nichol, M., Walker, R. L., & Kaczorowski, J. A. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(10)70382-2 · Cited by 56
“HBPM can be used to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension, identify and reduce the need for medications in those with white coat effect, identify those with masked hypertension (blood pressure that is higher outside of the health professional’s office), improve medication adherence, and assist in the management of blo…”
BackgroundMethod
Decreased pulse pressure during hemodialysis is associated with improved 6-month outcomes
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“Materials and Methods Participants The cross-sectional data on part of this cohort have previously been reported (3,13).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
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“Discussion The main findings of the present study are: (1) home BP increases over time after hemodialysis treatment; (2) this relationship is non-linear and plateaus after approximately 2 days; (3) probing dry-weight does not perturb the time-dependent relationship of home BP but steepens the slope for ambulatory BP;…”
ResultSelf-citation
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Self-citation
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Background
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“measured BP using a standardized technique wherein BPs were recorded in triplicate before and after dialysis for six consecutive dialysis treatments [7].”
MethodSelf-citation
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“In addition, in a recent study, home BP measurements were found to be reliable to estimate systolic hypertension when compared with ambulatory BP measurements (27).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
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“Compared with peridialytic BP measurement in the HD unit, home BP measurement has a stronger correlation with the mean 44-hour ABPM, higher short-term reproducibility, and better prediction of adverse outcomes [21].”
BackgroundMethod
Capítulo 3 - Avaliação Clínica e Complementar
Malachias, M. V. B., Souza, W., Plavnik, F. L., Rodrigues, C., Brandão, A., Neves, M. F., Bortolotto, L. A., Franco, R., Figueiredo, C., Jardim, P., et al. (2016) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20160153 · Cited by 38
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“Given the high frequency of non-dipping and nocturnal hypertension in endstage renal disease, the problem of masked hypertension—the Achilles’s heel of home BPmonitoring—may be even more serious than in the general population.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Events in Chronic Kidney Disease
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Self-citation
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Georgianos, P. I., & Agarwal, R. (2024) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.0000000000000315 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Body Mass Index-Mortality Paradox in Hemodialysis
Agarwal, R. (2011) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.180091 · Cited by 32
“Never 0 (0) 2 (13) 24 (20) 37 (34) 29 (41) 20 (47) 3 (50) 115 (31)”
Self-citation
Capítulo 14 – Crise Hipertensiva
Malachias, M. V. B., Souza, W., Plavnik, F. L., Rodrigues, C., Brandão, A., Neves, M. F., Bortolotto, L. A., Franco, R., Figueiredo, C., Jardim, P., et al. (2016) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20160164 · Cited by 32
High blood pressure in dialysis patients: cause, pathophysiology, influence on morbidity, mortality and management.
Stern, A., Sachdeva, S., Kapoor, R., Singh, J., & Sachdeva, S. (2014) · Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/8253.4471 · Cited by 23
“But by far the best way to monitor the blood pressure in these patients would be at home by the patient by an automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [16,17].”
Background
Volume Overload in Dialysis: The Elephant in the Room, No One Can See
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Self-citation
Pro: Ambulatory blood pressure should be used in all patients on hemodialysis
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Self-citation
Rationale and design of the Sodium Lowering In Dialysate (SoLID) trial: a randomised controlled trial of low versus standard dialysate sodium concentration during hemodialysis for regression of left ventricular mass
Dunlop, J. L., Vandal, A. C., de Zoysa, J., Gabriel, R. S., Haloob, I. A., Hood, C. J., Matheson, P. J., McGregor, D., Rabindranath, K. S., Semple, D. J., et al. (2013) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/1471-2369-14-149 · Cited by 26
“Readings will be made 3 times per day (on waking up, between noon and 1900, and before bed) during the 7days immediately prior to 3, 6, 9 and 12 months [150,157,158].”
Method
Calf Bioimpedance Ratio Improves Dry Weight Assessment and Blood Pressure Control in Hemodialysis Patients
Zhou, Y.-L., Liu, J., Sun, F., Ma, L.-J., Han, B., Shen, Y., & Cui, T.-G. (2010) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000315135 · Cited by 61
Peridialytic, Intradialytic, and Interdialytic Blood Pressure Measurement in Hemodialysis Patients
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Self-citation
Association of all-cause mortality with pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure and its peridialytic change in chronic hemodialysis patients
Zhang, H., Preciado, P., Wang, Y., Meyring-Wösten, A., Raimann, J. G., Kooman, J. P., SANDE, F. M. V. D., Usvyat, L. A., Maddux, D. W., Maddux, F. W., et al. (2019) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfz289 · Cited by 23
“Home BP measurement provides a valuable alternative [33–35], but has gained only limited traction.”
Management of hypertension in hemodialysis patients
Agarwal, R. (2006) · Hemodialysis International · doi:10.1111/j.1542-4758.2006.00102.x · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Capítulo 9 - Hipertensão Arterial na gestação
Malachias, M. V. B., Souza, W., Plavnik, F. L., Rodrigues, C., Brandão, A., Neves, M. F., Bortolotto, L. A., Franco, R., Poli‐de‐Figueiredo, C. E., Jardim, P., et al. (2016) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20160159 · Cited by 22
Median Intradialytic Blood Pressure Can Track Changes Evoked by Probing Dry-Weight
Agarwal, R., & Light, R. P. (2010) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.08341109 · Cited by 19
“Two methods are commonly used to record BP outside the dialysis unit: interdialytic ambulatory BP and home BP measurements (11).”
MethodSelf-citation
Impact of dry weight determined by calf bioimpedance ratio on carotid stiffness and left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients.
Zhou, Y.-L., Liu, J., Ma, L.-J., Sun, F., Shen, Y., Huang, J., & Cui, T.-G. (2014) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1111/aor.12156 · Cited by 20
“One week averaged home systolic BP of ≥150 mm Hg (15), which had the best combination of sensitivity and specificity to predict hypertension diagnosed by the gold standard of”
Background
Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Cardiovascular Disease in CKD
Holt, S. G., & Goldsmith, D. J. A. (2011) · Nephron Clinical Practice · doi:10.1159/000328065 · Cited by 18
The Controversies of Diagnosing and Treating Hypertension among Hemodialysis Patients
Agarwal, R. (2012) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.2012.01092.x · Cited by 17
“For example, in a validation study that used ambulatory BP measurements as a reference standard, home BP recordings had excellent diagnostic test characteristics (17).”
ResultSelf-citation
Blood pressure management in children on dialysis
Paglialonga, F., Consolo, S., Edefonti, A., & Montini, G. (2017) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-017-3666-8 · Cited by 17
Managing dry weight and hypertension in dialysis patients: still a challenge for the nephrologist in 2009?
Chazot, C. (2009) · JN. Journal of Nephrology (Milano. 1992) · doi:10.1093/joneph/22.5.587 · Cited by 17
Clinic and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring for the Detection of Ambulatory Hypertension Among Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Vaios, V., Georgianos, P. I., Vareta, G., Dounousi, E. C., Dimitriadis, C., Eleftheriadis, T., Papagianni, A. A., Zebekakis, P. E., & Liakopoulos, V. (2019) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13443 · Cited by 17
“Standardized clinic systolic BP overestimated ambulatory daytime systolic BP on average by 5.02 mm Hg with 95% limits of agreement ranging from −17.92 to 27.96 mm Hg. Similarly, 1-week averaged home systolic BP overestimated ambulatory daytime systolic BP by 4.23 mm Hg, again with wide 95% limits of agreement (−16.05…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Blood pressure assessment in haemodialysis patients: Comparison between pre‐dialysis blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure measurement
Fagugli, R. M., Ricciardi, D., Rossi, D., Gaetano, A. D., & Taglioni, C. (2009) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2009.01090.x · Cited by 17
Accuracy of Peridialytic, Intradialytic, and Scheduled Interdialytic Recordings in Detecting Elevated Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients
Sarafidis, P. A., Theodorakopoulou, M. P., Loutradis, C., Iatridi, F., Alexandrou, M. E., Καρπέτας, Α., Koutroumpas, G., Raptis, V., Ferro, C. J., & Papagianni, A. A. (2021) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.01.022 · Cited by 15
Blood pressure in hemodialysis
Georgianos, P. I., & Agarwal, R. (2017) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000359 · Cited by 15
“All rights rese publication of those guidelines, a growing body of evidence suggests that out-of-dialysis BP recordings are superior to predialysis and postdialysis BP in diagnosing hypertension [12,13], detecting evidence of target-organ damage [14], prognosticating the risk for future cardiovascular events and morta…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Guest Editor: Rajiv Agarwal: Assessment and Treatment of Hypertension in Dialysis: The Case for Salt Restriction
Sanders, P. W. (2007) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.2007.00316.x · Cited by 14
Systolic and diastolic hypertension among patients on hemodialysis: Musings on volume overload, arterial stiffness, and erythropoietin
Georgianos, P. I., & Agarwal, R. (2019) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/sdi.12837 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Challenges in Blood Pressure Measurement in Patients Treated With Maintenance Hemodialysis
Roberts, M. A., Pilmore, H., Tonkin, A. M., Garg, A. X., Pascoe, E. M., Badve, S. V., Cass, A., Ierino, F. L., & Hawley, C. M. (2012) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.04.026 · Cited by 14
Association between routine and standardized blood pressure measurements and left ventricular hypertrophy among patients on hemodialysis
Khangura, J. K., Culleton, B. F., Manns, B., Zhang, J., Barnieh, L., Walsh, M. W., Klarenbach, S. W., Tonelli, M. A., Sarna, M. A., Hemmelgarn, B. R., et al. (2010) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/1471-2369-11-13 · Cited by 15
“Although the most accurate BP measurement technique among patients on HD is unknown, it has been demonstrated that casual dialysis-unit BP measurements differ considerably when compared to ambulatory and standardized BP measurements[12-14], and correlate poorly with target organ damage[13].”
Prognostic Value of 48-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Ekart, R., Kanič, V., Balon, B. P., Bevc, S., & Hojs, R. (2012) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000336357 · Cited by 14
Hypertension in end-stage renal disease: different measures and their prognostic significance
Hörl, W. H. (2010) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfq428 · Cited by 13
“Routine peri-dialytic BP recordings performed by a dialysis unit staff shortly before and after the HD session are highly variable and poorly reproducible [4,5] and do not correlate well with end-organ damage [6,7].”
Background
Blood Pressure and Cognitive Decline in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Drew, D. A., Tighiouart, H., Duncan, S., Rollins, J., Gupta, A., Scott, T. M., Weiner, D. E., & Sarnak, M. J. (2019) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000500041 · Cited by 13
Home and Office Blood Pressure Monitoring in Renal Transplant Recipients
Sberro‐Soussan, R., Rabant, M., Snanoudj, R., Zuber, J., Bererhi, L., Mamzer, M., Legendre, C. M., & Thervet, É. (2012) · Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1155/2012/702316 · Cited by 12
“Besides, one could argue that the BP threshold of home BP monitoring has not been established and is perhaps different from the general population or the patients under hemodialysis [21].”
The Dialysis Sodium Gradient: A Modifiable Risk Factor for Fluid Overload
Trinh, E., & Weber, C. L. (2017) · Nephron Extra · doi:10.1159/000453674 · Cited by 10
CARDIOVASCULAR AND SURVIVAL PARADOXES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: Hypertension Is Harmful to Dialysis Patients and Should Be Controlled
Foley, R. N., & Agarwal, R. (2007) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.2007.00337.x · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Guest Editor: Rajiv Agarwal: How Should Hypertension Be Assessed and Managed in Hemodialysis Patients?
Agarwal, R. (2007) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.2007.00314.x · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Peripheral artery disease and blood pressure profile abnormalities in hemodialysis patients
Viazzi, F. C., Leoncini, G., Ratto, E., Storace, G., Gonnella, A., Garneri, D., Bonino, B., Cappadona, F., Parodi, E. L., Verzola, D., et al. (2016) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-016-0322-5 · Cited by 11
Blood pressure targets and pharmacotherapy for hypertensive patients on hemodialysis
Maruyama, T., Takashima, H., & Abe, M. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1746272 · Cited by 11
Uncertainties in BP management in dialysis patients
Doulton, T. W. R., Swift, P. A., Murtaza, A., & Dasgupta, I. (2020) · Seminars in Dialysis · doi:10.1111/sdi.12880 · Cited by 12
Clinical significance of home blood pressure and its possible practical application
Imai, Y. (2013) · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s10157-013-0831-7 · Cited by 11
“Home BP is known to more closely reflect the usual BP of dialysis patients [152].”
Background
Capítulo 10 - Hipertensão na Criança e no Adolescente
Malachias, M. V. B., Souza, W., Plavnik, F. L., Rodrigues, C., Brandão, A., Neves, M. F., Bortolotto, L. A., Franco, R., Figueiredo, C., Jardim, P., et al. (2016) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20160160 · Cited by 9
Systolic Blood Pressure and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Results of a Nationwide I talian Study
Losito, A., Vecchio, L. D., Lusenti, T., Rosso, G. D., Malandra, R., Sturani, A., & Nefrologia, G. D. S. D. A. S. I. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12074 · Cited by 10
“A scarce agreement between predialysis and postdialysis measurements of BP and the interdialytic ambulatory BP has been shown.(17,18) Unfortunately, so far neither ambulatory BP monitoring (APBM) or home BP measurement have been employed in large studies in dialysis patients.”
Background
Relationship between serum parathyroid hormone and hypertension in hemodialysis patients.
Sedighi, O., Makhlough, A., Kashi, Z., & Zahedi, M. (2011) · Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases · Cited by 9
Prevalence and control of hypertension among patients on haemodialysis
Tsikliras, N., Georgianos, P. I., Vaios, V., Minasidis, E., Anagnostara, A., Chatzidimitriou, C., Syrganis, C., Liakopoulos, V., Zebekakis, P. E., & Balaskas, E. V. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13292 · Cited by 9
Interdialytic Hypertension—An Update
Agarwal, R. (2011) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2010.10.001 · Cited by 9
“Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, Vo Using ambulatory BP, only 1 in 3 dialysis patients was found to have poorly controlled hypertension, defined as day-time ambulatory BP of ,135/85 mm Hg.(8) This is in sharp contrast to 86% prevalence rates derived when only predialysis BP is taken into account.”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Agreement between attended home and ambulatory blood pressure measurements in adolescents with chronic kidney disease
Glenn, T. W., Eaton, C. K., Psoter, K. J., Eakin, M. N., Pruette, C. S., Riekert, K. A., & Brady, T. M. (2022) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-022-05479-4 · Cited by 7
Perspectives on blood pressure by patients on haemo‐ and peritoneal dialysis
Evangelidis, N., Sautenet, B., Manera, K., Howell, M., Craig, J. C., Viecelli, A. K., O’Lone, E., Scholes-Robertson, N. J., Johnson, D. W., Cho, Y., et al. (2020) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.13775 · Cited by 7
Hypertension in Dialysis Patients: Diagnostic Approaches and Evaluation of Epidemiology
Georgianos, P. I., Vaios, V., Sgouropoulou, V., Eleftheriadis, T., Tsalikakis, D., & Liakopoulos, V. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12122961 · Cited by 8
Association of peridialytic, intradialytic, scheduled interdialytic and ambulatory BP recordings with cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients
Iatridi, F., Theodorakopoulou, M. P., Καρπέτας, Α., Bikos, A., Karagiannidis, A. G., Alexandrou, M. E., Tsouchnikas, I., Mayer, C. C., Haidich, A., Papagianni, A. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-021-01205-9 · Cited by 8
“Home BP measurements display better association with interdialytic ambulatory BP [18], as well as higher prognostic ability for target-organ damage and adverse outcomes compared to peridialytic BP [12, 13], representing another reliable option for hypertension management in hemodialysis [1, 14, 19].”
Background
The management of hypertension in hemodialysis and CAPD patients.
Malliara, M. (2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 7
Two-Day ABPM-Derived Indices and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Viazzi, F. C., Cappadona, F., Leoncini, G., Ratto, E., Gonnella, A., Bonino, B., Verzola, D., Garibotto, G., & Pontremoli, R. (2019) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz166 · Cited by 8
Special Problems in Hemodialysis Patients
Penido, M. G. M. G. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/1840 · Cited by 7
Management of blood pressure in adults, children and young people on dialysis: UK kidney association clinical practice guideline
Doulton, T., Adam, M., Durman, K., Fan, S. L., Forbes, A., Jenkinson, E., Mallindine, C., McCafferty, K., Sinha, M. D., Stewart, D., et al. (2025) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-025-04451-2 · Cited by 8

Authors: Agarwal, R., Andersen, M. J., Bishu, K., & Saha, C.
Affiliations: Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center (US)
Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
Corresponding author: Agarwal, R.
ORCID: Agarwal, R.
Saha, C.
Venue: Kidney International
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-03
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Pages: 900-906
ISSN: 0085-2538 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000145
OpenAlex: W1963876316
Cited by: 175
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 8.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3568 d)
Locations: Kidney International (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Dialysis Clinics
National Institutes of Health (5t32dk062711-05)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK062030, 5T32DK062711-02)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords: home blood pressure monitoring, hypertension diagnosis, hemodialysis patients, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, systolic hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension, blood pressure thresholds, Black patients
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure Determination, Female, Renal Dialysis, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory

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Home blood pressure monitoring improves the diagnosis of hypertension in hemodialysis patients

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