Mouse double minute antagonist Nutlin-3a enhances chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cancer cells with mutant p53 by activating E2F1
Abstract
MDM2 is a critical negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Recently, small-molecule antagonists of MDM2, the Nutlins, have been developed to inhibit the p53-MDM2 interaction and activate p53 signaling. However, half of human cancers have mutated p53 and they are resistant to Nutlin treatment. Here, we report that treatment of the p53-mutant malignant peripheral nerve sheath (MPNST) and p53-null HCT116 cells with cisplatin (Cis) and Nutlin-3a induced a degree of apoptosis that was significantly greater than either drug alone. Nutlin-3a also increased the cytotoxicity of both carboplatin and doxorubicin in a series of p53-mutant human tumor cell lines. In the human dedifferentiated liposarcoma cell line (LS141) and the p53 wild-type HCT116 cells, Nutlin-3a induced downregulation of E2F1 and this effect appeared to be proteasome dependent. In contrast, in MPNST and HCTp53-/- cells, Nutlin-3a inhibited the binding of E2F1 to MDM2 and induced transcriptional activation of free E2F1 in the presence of Cis-induced DNA damage. Downregulation of E2F1 by small interfering RNA significantly decreased the level of apoptosis induced by Cis and Nutlin-3a treatment. Moreover, expression of a dominant-negative form of E2F1 rescued cells from apoptosis, whereas cells overexpressing wild-type E2F1 showed an increase in cell death. This correlated with the induction of the proapoptotic proteins p73alpha and Noxa, which are both regulated by E2F1. These results indicate that antagonism of MDM2 by Nutlin-3a in cells with mutant p53 enhances chemosensitivity in an E2F1-dependent manner. Nutlin-3a therefore may provide a therapeutic benefit in tumors with mutant p53 provided it is combined with chemotherapy.
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Nutlin3a and other MDM2 PPI inhibitors have single-agent activity against growth of various tumor types, including GBM.
“Although it has been shown that nutlin3a and other MDM2 PPI inhibitors have single-agent activity in inhibiting the growth of a variety of tumor types including GBM”
From Combination therapy in a xenograft model of glioblastoma: Enhancement of the antitumor activity of temozolomide by an MDM2 antagonist (2017) · cites this paper as [2]
Nutlin3a binds the N-terminal hydrophobic pocket of MDM2 and prevents MDM2 from interacting with p53 and other signal transducers such as p73α, E2F1, Rb, and HIF-1α.
“The MDM2 protein–protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor nutlin3a binds to the N-terminal hydrophobic pocket of MDM2 and blocks interaction of MDM2 with not only p53 but also a number of other key signal transducers, including p73α, E2F1, Rb, and HIF-1α”
From Combination therapy in a xenograft model of glioblastoma: Enhancement of the antitumor activity of temozolomide by an MDM2 antagonist (2017) · cites this paper as [2]
Nutlin-3a also inhibits binding of p73α, E2F1, and Hif-1α to the N-terminal hydrophobic pocket of Mdm2.
“Nutlin-3a also inhibits the binding of the p73 isoform p73α, as well as E2F1 and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α), to the N-terminal hydrophobic pocket of Mdm2 (11–13).”
From Potentiation of carboplatin-mediated DNA damage by the Mdm2 modulator Nutlin-3a in a humanized orthotopic breast-to-lung metastatic model (2015) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Ambrosini, G., Sambol, E. B., Carvajal, D., Vassilev, L. T., Singer, S., & Schwartz, G. K.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schwartz, G K
- Venue
- Oncogene
- Published
- 2006-12-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 3473-3481
- ISSN
- 0950-9232 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5594
- OpenAlex
- W2003463790
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oncogene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
- Keywords
- Nutlin-3a, MDM2 inhibitors, mutant p53, E2F1, chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, cisplatin, chemosensitization, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, liposarcoma, p73alpha, Noxa, proteasomal degradation, p53-MDM2 interaction, doxorubicin, carboplatin
- MeSH terms
- Tumor Protein p73, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Cisplatin, DNA-Binding Proteins, Doxorubicin, Humans, Imidazoles, Nuclear Proteins, Piperazines, Transcription, Genetic, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Carboplatin, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, E2F1 Transcription Factor, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
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