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Using Mobile Phone Data to Predict the Spatial Spread of Cholera
Open accessAbstract
Effective response to infectious disease epidemics requires focused control measures in areas predicted to be at high risk of new outbreaks. We aimed to test whether mobile operator data could predict the early spatial evolution of the 2010 Haiti cholera epidemic. Daily case data were analysed for 78 study areas from October 16 to December 16, 2010. Movements of 2.9 million anonymous mobile phone SIM cards were used to create a national mobility network. Two gravity models of population mobility were implemented for comparison. Both were optimized based on the complete retrospective epidemic data, available only after the end of the epidemic spread. Risk of an area experiencing an outbreak within seven days showed strong dose-response relationship with the mobile phone-based infectious pressure estimates. The mobile phone-based model performed better (AUC 0.79) than the retrospectively optimized gravity models (AUC 0.66 and 0.74, respectively). Infectious pressure at outbreak onset was significantly correlated with reported cholera cases during the first ten days of the epidemic (p < 0.05). Mobile operator data is a highly promising data source for improving preparedness and response efforts during cholera outbreaks. Findings may be particularly important for containment efforts of emerging infectious diseases, including high-mortality influenza strains.
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“In the realm of infectious diseases, ML and AI have been applied to predict disease outbreaks and identify high-risk areas [19, 20].”
From Integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence in life-course epidemiology: pathways to innovative public health solutions (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
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“Bengtsson et al. (2015) utilized mobile phone data and machine learning techniques to predict the spatial spread of cholera in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake [20].”
From Integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence in life-course epidemiology: pathways to innovative public health solutions (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
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“To train Ti and wk , we need the population of the localities for two time points to (4) x = ln(1+ x)”
BackgroundMethodCharacterizing preferred motif choices and distance impacts
Cao, J., Li, Q., Tu, W., & Wang, F. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215242 · Cited by 34
New Ways to Manage Pandemics: Using Technologies in the Era of COVID-19, a Narrative Review
Khaleghi, A., Mohammadi, M. R., Jahromi, G. P., & Zarafshan, H. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v15i3.3816 · Cited by 37
“shown in the 2010 Haiti cholera epidemic (3).”
BackgroundConrad, N. D., Helfmann, L., Zonker, J., Winkelmann, S., & Schütte, C. (2018) · EPJ Data Science · doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-018-0153-9 · Cited by 32
Interaction data are identifiable even across long periods of time
Creţu, A.-M., Monti, F., Marrone, S., Dong, X., Bronstein, M. M., & de Montjoye, Y.-A. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27714-6 · Cited by 32
Cheng, Q., Lu, X. B., Wu, J. T. K., Liu, Z., & Huang, J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep33755 · Cited by 29
Self-citationKishore, K., Jaswal, V., Verma, M., & Koushal, V. (2021) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/29957 · Cited by 31
“This trend is consistent with many theoretical studies that have predicted the role of mobility for infectious diseases [10,52,53].”
BackgroundResultPopulation mobility modelling for mobility data simulation
Smolak, K., Rohm, W., Knop, K., & Siła-Nowicka, K. (2020) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101526 · Cited by 30
Awotunde, J. B., Folorunso, S. O., Jimoh, R. G., Adeniyi, A. E., Abiodun, M. K., & Ajamu, G. J. (2021) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69744-0_4 · Cited by 32
Hosts mobility and spatial spread of Rickettsia rickettsii
Polo, G., Acosta, C. M., Labruna, M. B., Ferreira, F., & Brockmann, D. (2018) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006636 · Cited by 30
Predicting COVID-19 Spread from Large-Scale Mobility Data
Schwabe, A., Persson, J., & Feuerriegel, S. (2021) · Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining · doi:10.1145/3447548.3467157 · Cited by 26
“In previous work, epidemic forecasting using mobility has been evaluated for dengue fever [23], Ebola [21], and cholera [2].”
BackgroundArnold, C., Srinivasan, S., Rodriguez, S., Rydzak, N., Herzog, C. M., Gontu, A., Bharti, N., Small, M. L., Rogers, C. J., Schade, M. M., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12499-5 · Cited by 25
Kissler, S. M., Klepac, P., Tang, M. L., Conlan, A. J. K., & Gog, J. R. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/479154 · Cited by 32
“226 Though mobile phone geo-tracking capabilities have been leveraged to study human mobil227 ity before [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], the spatial resolution in those studies is usually too coarse to 228 characterise interpersonal interactions, and the data have generally not been made publicly avail229 able.”
BackgroundSee, L., Estima, J., Pődör, A., Arsanjani, J. J., Bayas, J. C. L., & Vatseva, R. (2017) · Ubiquity Press eBooks · doi:10.5334/bbf.b · Cited by 28
“…in areas such as transportation planning (Di Lorenzo et al., 2016), user behaviour (Bianchi et al., 2016), public health (Oliver et al., 2015), the spatial spread of diseases such as cholera (Bengtsson et al., 2015) or population displacement after a major disaster (Wilson et al., 2016).”
BackgroundWilson, C., & Jumbert, M. G. (2018) · Journal of International Humanitarian Action · doi:10.1186/s41018-018-0036-5 · Cited by 28
“…network data for human mobility mapping and contact tracing (Tatem et al. 2009; Aslam et al. 2014; Wesolowski et al. 2014; Gittelman et al. 2015; Bharti et al. 2015; Bengtsson et al. 2015), and big data or social media scraping for contagion modeling (Brownstein et al. 2009; Chunara et al. 2012).”
BackgroundModeling Key Drivers of Cholera Transmission Dynamics Provides New Perspectives for Parasitology
Rinaldo, A., Bertuzzo, E., Blokesch, M., Mari, L., & Gatto, M. (2017) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2017.04.002 · Cited by 25
Unveiling Cholera Patterns through Machine Learning Regression for Precise Forecasting
Degadwala, S., Vyas, D., & Soni, M. (2024) · International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICMCSI) · doi:10.1109/icmcsi61536.2024.00012 · Cited by 26
“Using mobile phone data, Bengtsson et al. [15] projected the geographical spread of cholera.”
Milusheva, S., Lewin, A., Gomez, T. P. B., Matekenya, D., & Reid, K. (2021) · Data & Policy · doi:10.1017/dap.2021.10 · Cited by 26
“Over the last 8 years, different actors have completed various successful academic and pilot projects to prove efficacy (Bengtsson et al., 2015; Ihantamalala et al., 2018; Lai et al., 2019; Milusheva, 2020).”
BackgroundMethodEarly detection of COVID-19 outbreaks using human mobility data
Guan, G., Dery, Y., Yechezkel, M., Ben‐Gal, I., Yamin, D., & Brandeau, M. L. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253865 · Cited by 24
“This metric has been used in the literature to predict the spatial spread of cholera with mobile phone data [21].”
BackgroundMethodEarly warning of COVID-19 hotspots using human mobility and web search query data
Yabe, T., Tsubouchi, K., Sekimoto, Y., & Ukkusuri, S. V. (2021) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101747 · Cited by 27
“Studies on human mobility analysis have used such data to model disease dynamics (Bengtsson et al., 2015; Finger et al., 2016; Tizzoni et al., 2014; Wesolowski et al., 2012).”
Landscape Genetics: A Toolbox for Studying Vector-Borne Diseases
Hemming‐Schroeder, E., Lo, E., Salazar, C. A., Puente, S., & Yan, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00021 · Cited by 24
Linking human behaviors and infectious diseases
Bharti, N. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2101345118 · Cited by 26
Mou, J., Liu, C., Chen, S., Huang, G., & Lu, X. B. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01380-5 · Cited by 24
Self-citationCintia, P., Fadda, D., Giannotti, F., Pappalardo, L., Rossetti, G., Pedreschi, D., Rinzivillo, S., Bonato, P., Fabbri, F., Penone, F., et al. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 23
The Ubuntu Way: Ensuring Ethical AI Integration in Health Research
Odero, B. A., Nderitu, D., & Samuel, G. N. (2024) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23021.1 · Cited by 23
Mining of Social Media on Covid-19 Big Data Infodemic in Indonesia
Binsar, F., & Mauritsius, T. (2020) · Journal of Computer Science · doi:10.3844/jcssp.2020.1598.1609 · Cited by 24
“Examples of cell phone data use have shown potential in predicting the spatial spread of cholera virus during the cholera epidemic in Haiti in 2010 (Bengtsson et al ., 2015), while the use of data analysis also shows its effectiveness during the Ebola crisis in the West Africa region in 2014-2016…”
Modelling Representative Population Mobility for COVID-19 Spatial Transmission in South Africa
Potgieter, A., Fabris‐Rotelli, I., Kimmie, Z., Dudeni-Tlhone, N., Holloway, J., van Rensburg, C. J., Thiede, R., Debba, P., Manjoo-Docrat, R., Abdelatif, N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Big Data · doi:10.3389/fdata.2021.718351 · Cited by 22
“Mobile phone data has been used numerous times in the field of spatial epidemiology to model the spread of various diseases, including cholera (Bengtsson et al., 2015; Finger et al., 2016), dengue (Cummings et al.”
BackgroundChigwechokha, P. K., Nyirenda, R. L., Dalitsani, D., Namaumbo, R. L., Kazembe, Y., Smith, T., & Holm, R. H. (2024) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-023-00632-z · Cited by 23
Ethical Considerations for Movement Mapping to Identify Disease Transmission Hotspots
de Jong, B. C., Gaye, B., Luyten, J., van Buitenen, B., André, E., Meehan, C. J., O’Siochain, C., Tomsu, K., Urbain, J., Grietens, K. P., et al. (2019) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2507.181421 · Cited by 22
Assessing Bias in Smartphone Mobility Estimates in Low Income Countries
Milusheva, S., Björkegren, D., & Viotti, L. (2021) · ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS) · doi:10.1145/3460112.3471968 · Cited by 23
“This paper joins a large literature that uses internal data from mobile phone operators (Call Detail Records, or CDR) to measure the mobility of mobile phones in developing country contexts [3, 4, 6, 16, 19, 25, 44–46].”
BackgroundWhich Retail Outlets Generate the Most Physical Interactions?
Avi Goldfarb, B., & Tucker, C. E. (2020) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w27042 · Cited by 21
A dataset to assess mobility changes in Chile following local quarantines
Pappalardo, L., Cornacchia, G., Navarro, V., Bravo, L., & Ferres, L. (2023) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01893-3 · Cited by 19
“Motivated by the potential of mobile phone data in capturing the geographical spread of epidemics [21, 48, 50, 6], researchers and governments have started to collaborate with mobile network operators to estimate the effectiveness of control measures in several countries [33, 34, 12, 44, 35, 36, 2, 13, 28, 3].”
BackgroundBharti, N., Lambert, B. W., Exten, C. L., Faust, C. L., Ferrari, M. J., & Robinson, A. C. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07155-x · Cited by 20
Population health AI researchers’ perceptions of the public portrayal of AI: A pilot study
Samuel, G. N., Diedericks, H., & Derrick, G. (2020) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/0963662520965490 · Cited by 23
“In population health research, researchers are exploring how AI systems can help predict epidemics and disease outbreaks (Bengtsson et al., 2015; Harris et al., 2017; Naghavi et al., 2010), as well as control current pandemics.”
BackgroundWinders, W. T., Garbern, S. C., Bills, C. B., Relan, P., Schultz, M. L., Trehan, I., Kivlehan, S. M., Becker, T. K., & McQuillan, R. (2021) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.11.04023 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Bengtsson, L., Gaudart, J., Lu, X., Moore, S., Wetter, E., Sallah, K., Rebaudet, S., & Piarroux, R.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Inserm (FR)
- National University of Defense Technology (CN)
- Aix-Marseille Université (FR)
- Stockholm School of Economics (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Bengtsson, Linus
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2015-03-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8923-8923
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4352843
- OpenAlex
- W1993035486
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 18.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (71301165, 71101013)
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Keywords
- cholera, mobile phone data, human mobility, gravity model, outbreak risk prediction, epidemic preparedness and response, emerging infectious diseases
- MeSH terms
- Cholera, Disease Outbreaks, Haiti, Humans, Population Surveillance, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Geographic Information Systems, Cell Phone, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Geographic Mapping
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