Developing the IVIG biomimetic, Hexa-Fc, for drug and vaccine applications
Open accessAbstract
The remarkable clinical success of Fc-fusion proteins has driven intense investigation for even more potent replacements. Using quality-by-design (QbD) approaches, we generated hexameric-Fc (hexa-Fc), a ~20 nm oligomeric Fc-based scaffold that we here show binds low-affinity inhibitory receptors (FcRL5, FcγRIIb and DC-SIGN) with high avidity and specificity, whilst eliminating significant clinical limitations of monomeric Fc-fusions for vaccine and/or cancer therapies, in particular their poor ability to activate complement. Mass spectroscopy of hexa-Fc reveals high-mannose, low-sialic acid content, suggesting that interactions with these receptors are influenced by the mannose-containing Fc. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provides insight into the mechanisms of hexa-Fc interaction with these receptors and reveals an unexpected orientation of high-mannose glycans on the human Fc that provides greater accessibility to potential binding partners. Finally, we show that this biosynthetic nanoparticle can be engineered to enhance interactions with the human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) without loss of the oligomeric structure, a crucial modification for these molecules in therapy and/or vaccine strategies where a long plasma half-life is critical.
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The hexameric IgG-Fc fusion protein-scaffold binds low-affinity receptors FcRL5, FcγRIIb, and DC-SIGN with high specificity and avidity.
“This protein-scaffold was later shown to also bind low-affinity receptors (FcRL5, FcγRIIb, and DC-SIGN) with high specificity and avidity [119].”
From Glycoengineering Chinese hamster ovary cells: a short history (2021) · cites this paper as [119]
The Results sections on FcRL5/FcγRIIb and DC-SIGN report binding of hexa-Fc to all three receptors. Control-receptor tests and valence-dependent binding support selectivity and an avidity effect, but the DC-SIGN Results describe its binding affinity as moderate (KD 1.26 μM), not uniformly high; the claim overstates the strength of binding across the three receptors. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Batinjan, M. K.-G., Pribić, T., Vučković, F., Hadžibegović, I., Radovani, B., Jurin, I., Đerek, L., Huljev, E., Markotić, A., Lukšić, I., et al. (2022) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
IgG opsonization of merozoites: multiple immune mechanisms for malaria vaccine development
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Blundell, P. A., Lu, D., Wilkinson, M., Dell, A., Haslam, S., & Pleass, R. J. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1801337 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMultimerized IgG1 Fc molecule as an anti-inflammatory agent
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Mechanisms of Action and Immunomodulation by IVIg
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Anti-inflammatory Activity of IgG-Fc
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Baksmeier, C., Blundell, P. A., Steckel, J., Schultz, V., Gu, Q., Filipe, A. D. S., Kohl, A., Linnington, C., Lu, D., Dell, A., et al. (2021) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13341 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic Divergence and Antibody Expression Influence the N‐Glycomes of CHO‐K1 and CHO‐S Cells
Donini, R., Blundell, P. A., Pleass, R. J., Lu, D., Dell, A., Kontoravdi, C., & Haslam, S. M. (2025) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.70045 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Engineered Trivalent Human IgG1-Fc Proteins for Potent Complement Inhibition
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Fc and tailpiece determinants of IgM tailpiece-mediated IgG hexamerisationPreprint
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- Authors
- Czajkowsky, D. M., Andersen, J. T., Fuchs, A., Wilson, T. J., Mekhaiel, D., Colonna, M., He, J., Shao, Z., Mitchell, D. A., Wu, G., Dell, A., Haslam, S., Lloyd, K. A., Moore, S. C., Sandlie, I., Blundell, P. A., & Pleass, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pleass, Richard J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2015-04-27
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9526-9526
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5224519
- OpenAlex
- W2090214639
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Royal Society
- University of Oxford
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (11374207, 21303104, 31370750, 91129000)
- Norges Forskningsråd (179573/V40, 230526, 179573, 230526/F20)
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Medical Research Council (MC_PC_12017)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (987447)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/K016164/1, BB/F008309/1)
- Helse Sør-Øst RHF (179573/V40, 39375, 230526)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein purification and stability
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Keywords
- Fc fusion protein, biomimetic scaffolds, quality by design, FCRL5, FcγRIIB, DC-SIGN, complement activation, high-mannose glycans, sialic acid, neonatal Fc receptor, plasma half-life, vaccine adjuvants, cancer immunotherapy, nanoparticle drug delivery
- MeSH terms
- Carrier Proteins, Cells, Cultured, Half-Life, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Protein Binding, Receptors, Fc, Vaccines, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Biomimetics
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