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The roles and impacts of human hunter-gatherers in North Pacific marine food webs

Dunne, Jennifer A., Maschner, Herbert, Betts, Matthew W., Huntly, Nancy, Russell, Roly, Williams, Richard J., Wood, Spencer A.·2016·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/srep21179PMC PMC4756680
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Abstract

There is a nearly 10,000-year history of human presence in the western Gulf of Alaska, but little understanding of how human foragers integrated into and impacted ecosystems through their roles as hunter-gatherers. We present two highly resolved intertidal and nearshore food webs for the Sanak Archipelago in the eastern Aleutian Islands and use them to compare trophic roles of prehistoric humans to other species. We find that the native Aleut people played distinctive roles as super-generalist and highly-omnivorous consumers closely connected to other species. Although the human population was positioned to have strong effects, arrival and presence of Aleut people in the Sanak Archipelago does not appear associated with long-term extinctions. We simulated food web dynamics to explore to what degree introducing a species with trophic roles like those of an Aleut forager, and allowing for variable strong feeding to reflect use of hunting technology, is likely to trigger extinctions. Potential extinctions decreased when an invading omnivorous super-generalist consumer focused strong feeding on decreasing fractions of its possible resources. This study presents the first assessment of the structural roles of humans as consumers within complex ecological networks, and potential impacts of those roles and feeding behavior on associated extinctions.

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  • Humans are capable of switching food sources when required, migrating to more favourable environments quickly as the need arises, and adapting to changing environmental conditions.

    “Humans are capable not only of switching food sources when required [2][3][4] , but also of migrating to more favourable environments quickly as the need arises 5 , and adapting to changing environmental conditions 6 .”

    From Landscape rules predict optimal superhighways for the first peopling of sahul (2021) · cites this paper as [2]

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Metadata

Authors
Dunne, J. A., Maschner, H., Betts, M. W., Huntly, N., Russell, R., Williams, R. J., & Wood, S. A.
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-02-17
Volume
6
Issue
1
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/srep21179
PMC
PMC4756680
Cited by
70
References
2
Language
en
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