Repeated crack healing in MAX-phase ceramics revealed by 4D in situ synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy
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MAX phase materials are emerging as attractive engineering materials in applications where the material is exposed to severe thermal and mechanical conditions in an oxidative environment. The Ti2AlC MAX phase possesses attractive thermomechanical properties even beyond a temperature of 1000 K. An attractive feature of this material is its capacity for the autonomous healing of cracks when operating at high temperatures. Coupling a specialized thermomechanical setup to a synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy endstation at the TOMCAT beamline, we captured the temporal evolution of local crack opening and healing during multiple cracking and autonomous repair cycles at a temperature of 1500 K. For the first time, the rate and position dependence of crack repair in pristine Ti2AlC material and in previously healed cracks has been quantified. Our results demonstrate that healed cracks can have sufficient mechanical integrity to make subsequent cracks form elsewhere upon reloading after healing.
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Some materials with intrinsic self-healing capacity (such as MAX phases) may undergo multiple healing events whereby a crack is healed on multiple occasions.
“Some materials with intrinsic self-healing capacity (such as MAX phases), may undergo multiple healing events whereby a crack is healed on multiple occasions ( Li et al., 2012; Sloof et al., 2016 ).”
From A cohesive-zone crack healing model for self-healing materials (2018) · cites this paper as Sloof et al., 2016
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A cohesive-zone crack healing model for self-healing materials
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Sloof, W. G., Pei, R., McDonald, S. A., Fife, J. L., Shen, L., Boatemaa, L., Farle, A.-S., Yan, K., Zhang, X., van der Zwaag, S., Lee, P. D., & Withers, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Delft University of Technology (NL)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Paul Scherrer Institute (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Sloof, Willem G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2016-03-14
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23040-23040
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4789783
- OpenAlex
- W2338767075
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Competence Centre for Materials Science and Technology
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/F007906/1, EP/F001452/1, EP/I02249X/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › MXene and MAX Phase Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Ceramics and Composites › Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Intermetallics and Advanced Alloy Properties
- Keywords
- MAX phases, Ti2AlC, crack healing, self-healing materials, thermomechanical loading, high-temperature cracking, in situ imaging
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