Understanding the rising phase of the PM2.5 concentration evolution in large China cities
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Long-term air quality observations are seldom analyzed from a dynamic view. This study analyzed fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution processes using long-term PM2.5 observations in three Chinese cities. Pollution processes were defined as linearly growing PM2.5 concentrations following the criteria of coefficient of determination R2 > 0.8 and duration time T ≥ 18 hrs. The linear slopes quantitatively measured pollution levels by PM2.5 concentrations rising rates (PMRR, μg/(m3·hr)). The 741, 210 and 193 pollution processes were filtered out, respectively, in Beijing (BJ), Shanghai (SH), and Guangzhou (GZ). Then the relationships between PMRR and wind speed, wind direction, 24-hr backward points, gaseous pollutants (CO, NO2 and SO2) concentrations, and regional PM2.5 levels were studied. Inverse relationships existed between PMRR and wind speed. The wind directions and 24-hr backward points converged in specific directions indicating long-range transport. Gaseous pollutants concentrations increased at variable rates in the three cities with growing PMRR values. PM2.5 levels at the upwind regions of BJ and SH increased at high PMRRs. Regional transport dominated the PM2.5 pollution processes of SH. In BJ, both local contributions and regional transport increased during high-PMRR pollution processes. In GZ, PM2.5 pollution processes were mainly caused by local emissions.
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The outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 in cities such as Seoul, Korea, and Beijing, China, reach up to 200 μg/m3 and 800 μg/m3, respectively.
“The outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 in cities such as Seoul, Korea, and Beijing, China, reach up to 200 μg/m3 (about 0.2 ng/mL) and 800 μg/m3 (about 0.8 ng/mL), respectively (https://aqicn.org) (2, 25, 70, 75).”
From Particulate matter causes skin barrier dysfunction. (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
The Results section reports PM2.5 concentrations for Beijing and two other Chinese cities, but does not give the claimed 800 μg/m³ value for Beijing. The Methods section identifies the cities studied as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou; a search for Seoul and 200 μg/m³ found no Seoul measurement in our copy. The reported regional value of 250 μg/m³ is conditional, not a stated maximum for Beijing, so it does not contradict the claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Particulate matter causes skin barrier dysfunction.
Kim, B. E., Kim, J., Goleva, E., Berdyshev, E., Lee, J., Vang, K. A., Lee, U. H., Han, S., Leung, S., Hall, C. F., et al. (2021) · JCI insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.145185 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lv, B., Cai, J., Xu, B., & Bai, Y.
- Affiliations
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Bing
- Bai, Yuqi
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-04-25
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46456-46456
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5404509
- OpenAlex
- W2609823828
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tsinghua University (20131089277, 553302001)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex (SCAPC201406)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2012CB955501, 2012CB955501-01)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Keywords
- PM2.5, long-range transport, regional transport, local emissions, wind speed, wind direction, air mass back trajectories, gaseous pollutants, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, urban air quality
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, China, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollution, Particulate Matter
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