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Cited by 513Probiotics and Fermented FoodsGut microbiota and healthStress Responses and Cortisol

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Bifidobacterium longum 1714 as a translational psychobiotic: modulation of stress, electrophysiology and neurocognition in healthy volunteers

Open access
Allen, A P, Hutch, W, Borre, Y E, Kennedy, P J, Temko, A, Boylan, G, Murphy, E, Cryan, J F, Dinan, T G, Clarke, G·2016·Translational Psychiatry
DOI 10.1038/tp.2016.191PMC PMC5314114
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Abstract

The emerging concept of psychobiotics-live microorganisms with a potential mental health benefit-represents a novel approach for the management of stress-related conditions. The majority of studies have focused on animal models. Recent preclinical studies have identified the B. longum 1714 strain as a putative psychobiotic with an impact on stress-related behaviors, physiology and cognitive performance. Whether such preclinical effects could be translated to healthy human volunteers remains unknown. We tested whether psychobiotic consumption could affect the stress response, cognition and brain activity patterns. In a within-participants design, healthy volunteers (N=22) completed cognitive assessments, resting electroencephalography and were exposed to a socially evaluated cold pressor test at baseline, post-placebo and post-psychobiotic. Increases in cortisol output and subjective anxiety in response to the socially evaluated cold pressor test were attenuated. Furthermore, daily reported stress was reduced by psychobiotic consumption. We also observed subtle improvements in hippocampus-dependent visuospatial memory performance, as well as enhanced frontal midline electroencephalographic mobility following psychobiotic consumption. These subtle but clear benefits are in line with the predicted impact from preclinical screening platforms. Our results indicate that consumption of B. longum 1714 is associated with reduced stress and improved memory. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the benefits of this putative psychobiotic in relevant stress-related conditions and to unravel the mechanisms underlying such effects.

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Crossref · 10.1038/tp.2016.191

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Figure 1 The socially evaluated cold pressor test (SECPT) elevated cortisol, and cortisol output and the increase in anxiety were reduced post-1714. (a) Salivary cortisol during socially evaluated cold pressor for each visit. (b) Total cortisol output for each visit, as measured by area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) and area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCi). (c) State anxiety (STAI) pre- and post-stressor at each visit. Lower scores indicate lower subjective anxiety. Error bars represent the s.e.m. *P<0.05, **P<0.001. HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal.
Figure 1 The socially evaluated cold pressor test (SECPT) elevated cortisol, and cortisol output and the increase in anxiety were reduced post-1714. (a) Salivary cortisol during socially evaluated cold pressor for each visit. (b) Total cortisol output for each visit, as measured by area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) and area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCi). (c) State anxiety (STAI) pre- and post-stressor at each visit. Lower scores indicate lower subjective anxiety. Error bars represent the s.e.m. *P<0.05, **P<0.001. HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 The probiotic condition was associated with reduced daily stress. (a) Daily stress levels during placebo phase, 1714 phase, and follow-up period. (b) Overall stress, as measured with AUCg and AUCi, during placebo phase, 1714 phase. *P<0.05. AUCg, area under the curve with respect to ground; AUCi, area under the curve with respect to increase.
Figure 2 The probiotic condition was associated with reduced daily stress. (a) Daily stress levels during placebo phase, 1714 phase, and follow-up period. (b) Overall stress, as measured with AUCg and AUCi, during placebo phase, 1714 phase. *P<0.05. AUCg, area under the curve with respect to ground; AUCi, area under the curve with respect to increase.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Total errors on the paired associate learning task. *P<0.05; †P<0.01. PAL, Paired Associate Learning test.
Figure 3 Total errors on the paired associate learning task. *P<0.05; †P<0.01. PAL, Paired Associate Learning test.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Post-1714, Fz mobility was increased and Cz theta power was decreased. (a) Electrode position of Fz, Cz and Pz. (b) EEG mobility at Fz. (c) Theta power at Cz. *P<0.05. EEG, electroencephalogram.
Figure 4 Post-1714, Fz mobility was increased and Cz theta power was decreased. (a) Electrode position of Fz, Cz and Pz. (b) EEG mobility at Fz. (c) Theta power at Cz. *P<0.05. EEG, electroencephalogram.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Schmitz LPTC. . LimeSurvey: an Open Source Survey Tool. Limesurvey Project: Hamburg, Germany, 2015.
  2. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK . Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, USA, 1996.
  3. Nelson H, Willison J . National adult reading test (NART): test manual, 2nd edn. NFER Nelson: Windsor, ON, Canada, 1991.

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Metadata

Authors
Allen, A. P., Hutch, W., Borre, Y. E., Kennedy, P. J., Temko, A., Boylan, G., Murphy, E., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., & Clarke, G.
Affiliations
  • University College Cork (IE)
  • Alimentary Health (Ireland) (IE)
Corresponding author
Dinan, T G
ORCID
Venue
Translational Psychiatry
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-11-01
Volume
6
Issue
11
Pages
e939-e939
ISSN
2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/tp.2016.191
PMC
PMC5314114
OpenAlex
W2546849981
Cited by
513
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 3
FWCI
46.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NORMA (acceptedVersion)
  • TRAP@NCI (National College of Ireland) (acceptedVersion)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
  • Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Health Research Board (12/RC/2272, HRA_POR/2011/23, HRA_POR/2012/32)
  • Science Foundation Ireland (12/RC/2272, SFI/12/RC/, SFI/12/RC/2272, 12/RC/2273, HRA_POR/2011/23, 12/RC/, SFI/12/RC/2273.)
  • APC Microbiome Institute (SFI/12/RC/2273)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
psychobiotics, stress response, cortisol, anxiety, social evaluation, cold pressor test, visuospatial memory, hippocampus, neurocognitive function, healthy volunteers, probiotics
MeSH terms
Bifidobacterium longum, Adult, Arousal, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Cold Temperature, Electroencephalography, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Mental Recall, Stress, Psychological, Case-Control Studies, Probiotics, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute, Translational Research, Biomedical

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