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Gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric and stable carbon isotopic investigations of organic residues of plant oils and animal fats employed as illuminants in archaeological lamps from Egypt

Copley, M. S., Bland, H. A., Rose, P., Horton, M., Evershed, R. P.·2005·The Analyst
DOI 10.1039/b500403a
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Abstract

Man's use of illuminants in lamps or as torches to extend the working day and range of environments accessible to him would have been a major technological advance in human civilisation. The most obvious evidence for this in the archaeological record comes from pottery and stone vessels showing sooting due to the use of a wick in conjunction with a lipid-based fuel or illuminant. A wide range of potential fuels would have been exploited depending upon availability and burning requirements. Reported herein are the results of chemical investigations of a number of lamps recovered from excavations of the site of Qasr Ibrim, Egypt. Gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric and stable carbon isotopic analyses of both free (solvent extractable) and 'bound'(released from solvent extracted pottery by base treatment) lipids have revealed a wide range of saturated fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids and alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids. Examination of the distributions of compounds and comparisons with the fatty acid compositions of modern plant oils have allowed a range of fats and oils to be recognised. Specific illuminants identified include Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) seed oil (most likely radish oil, Raphanus sativus), castor oil (from Ricinus communis), animal fat, with less diagnostic distributions and delta(13)C values being consistent with low stearic acid plant oils, such as linseed (Linum usitatissimum) or sesame (Sesamum indicum) oils. The identifications of the various oils and fa…

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  • Dicarboxylic acids occur in both animal, plant and aquatic products, and cannot be confidently traced to their precursor unsaturated fatty acid, so they are not particularly diagnostic.

    “As dicarboxylic acids occur in both animal, plant and aquatic products, and cannot be confidently traced to their precursor unsaturated fatty acid [120–122], such compounds are not particularly diagnostic.”

    From Identifying pastoral and plant products in local and imported pottery in Early Bronze Age southeastern Arabia (2025) · cites this paper as [122]

Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 24

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Metadata

Authors
Copley, M. S., Bland, H. A., Rose, P., Horton, M., & Evershed, R. P.
Venue
The Analyst
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Published
2005
Volume
130
Issue
6
Pages
860
ISSN
  • 0003-2654
  • 1364-5528
DOI
10.1039/b500403a
Cited by
206
References
0
Language
en

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