Is there a future for sequential chemical extraction?
Abstract
Since their introduction in the late 1970s, sequential extraction procedures have experienced a rapid increase in use. They are now applied for a large number of potentially toxic elements in a wide range of sample types. This review uses evidence from the literature to consider the usefulness and limitations of sequential extraction and thereby to assess its future role in environmental chemical analysis. It is not the intention to provide a comprehensive survey of all applications of sequential extractions or to consider the merits and disadvantages of individual schemes. These aspects have been covered adequately in other, recent reviews. This review focuses in particular on various key issues surrounding sequential extractions such as nomenclature, methodologies, presentation of data and interpretation of data, and discusses typical applications from the recent literature for which sequential extraction can provide useful and meaningful information. Also covered are emerging developments such as accelerated procedures using ultrasound- or microwave energy-assisted extractions, dynamic extractions, the use of chemometrics, the combination of sequential extraction with isotope analysis, and the extension of the approach to non-traditional analytes such as arsenic, mercury, selenium and radionuclides.
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Direct determination of the chemical forms of trace elements in soil samples can be achieved by various instrumental techniques, notably SXRF, PIXE, XANES, and EXAFS spectroscopy.
“Direct determination of the chemical forms of trace elements in soil samples, indeed, can be achieved by means of various instrumental techniques [89], notably synchrotron-based X-ray radiation fluorescence (SXRF) [90], particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) [91], X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) [83, 92], and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) [89] spectroscopy.”
From Chemical Processes Affecting the Mobility of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments (2016) · cites this paper as [89]
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Chemical Processes Affecting the Mobility of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments
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- Authors
- Bacon, J. R., & Davidson, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Macaulay Development Trust (GB)
- University of Strathclyde (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Davidson, Christine M.
- Venue
- The Analyst
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-46
- ISSN
- 0003-2654 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-5528
- OpenAlex
- W1980587665
- Cited by
- 649
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Analyst (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- sequential extraction, potentially toxic elements, heavy metals, environmental chemical analysis, data interpretation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, dynamic extraction, chemometrics, isotopic analysis, arsenic, mercury, selenium, radionuclides
- MeSH terms
- Data Interpretation, Statistical, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollution, Forecasting, Chemical Fractionation, Humans, Industrial Waste
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