Fabrication of carbon-nanotube-reinforced glass–ceramic nanocomposites by ultrasonic in situ sol–gel processing
Abstract
The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to ceramic or glass matrices has the potential to provide composites with novel properties but composites with a uniform dispersion of undamaged CNTs have proved difficult to make. This paper reports a processing method that overcomes these problems by using a powderless sol–gel route to produce a low-melting point aluminoborosilicate glass matrix, in combination with a dispersion method for the CNTs that is compatible with the sol. Single-walled or multi-walled CNTs were first functionalized by treatment with nitric acid followed by an ammonia–ethanol solution and were then dispersed in a glass precursor sol via ultrasonic processing. After gelation and calcination, the powder was hot pressed to make dense, well dispersed CNT–borosilicate glass composites with CNT contents from 0.5 to 5 wt%. Raman spectroscopy showed that the CNTs had suffered little damage during processing. The formation of cristobalite initially lead to microcracking but this was successfully suppressed by further additions of alumina. The CNTs suppressed cracking around hardness indentations and substantial crack bridging by the CNTs was observed.
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The modified wood possesses improved thermal and mechanical properties and dimensional stability with increasing load of inorganic TiO2 gels, as ultrasonic treatment facilitates chemical reactions between liquid and solid phases.
“The modified wood possesses improved the thermal and mechanical properties and dimensional stability with increasing load of inorganic TiO 2 gels, as ultrasonic treatment facilitates chemical reactions between liquid and solid phases 88,89”
From Sustainable hybrid photocatalysts: titania immobilized on carbon materials derived from renewable and biodegradable resources (2016) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Chu, B. T. T., Tobias, G., Salzmann, C. G., Ballesteros, B., Grobert, N., Todd, R. I., & Green, M. L. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Todd, Richard I.
- Venue
- Journal of Materials Chemistry
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 44
- Pages
- 5344
- ISSN
- 0959-9428 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-5501
- OpenAlex
- W1989162131
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Materials Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Society
- European Commission
- Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Ceramics and Composites › Glass properties and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Ceramics and Composites › Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
- Keywords
- carbon nanotubes, sol-gel synthesis, sonication, aluminoborosilicate glass, CNT dispersion, nitric acid functionalization, hot pressing, cristobalite formation, crack bridging, indentation cracking, alumina addition, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes
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