Selective adsorption and chiral amplification of amino acids in vermiculite clay-implications for the origin of biochirality
Open accessAbstract
Smectite clays are hydrated layer silicates that, like micas, occur naturally in abundance. Importantly, they have readily modifiable interlayer spaces that provide excellent sites for nanochemistry. Vermiculite is one such smectite clay and in the presence of small chain-length alkyl-NH(3)Cl ions forms sensitive, 1-D ordered model clay systems with expandable nano-pore inter-layer regions. These inter-layers readily adsorb organic molecules. n-Propyl NH(3)Cl vermiculite clay gels were used to determine the adsorption of alanine, lysine and histidine by chiral HPLC. The results show that during reaction with fresh vermiculite interlayers, significant chiral enrichment of either L- and D-enantiomers occurs depending on the amino acid. Chiral enrichment of the supernatant solutions is up to about 1% per pass. In contrast, addition to clay interlayers already reacted with amino acid solutions resulted in little or no change in D/L ratio during the time of the experiment. Adsorption of small amounts of amphiphilic organic molecules in clay inter-layers is known to produce Layer-by-Layer or Langmuir-Blodgett films. Moreover atomistic simulations show that self-organization of organic species in clay interlayers is important. These non-centrosymmetric, chirally active nanofilms may cause clays to act subsequently as chiral amplifiers, concentrating organic material from dilute solution and having different adsorption energetics for D- and L-enantiomers. The additional role of clays in RNA oligomerization already postulated by Ferris and others, together with the need for the organization of amphiphilic molecules and lipids noted by Szostak and others, suggests that such chiral separation by clays in lagoonal environments at normal biological temperatures might also have played a significant role in the origin of biochirality.
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Supposedly enantiospecific adsorptions with allophane, hydrotalcite-like compound, montmorillonite, and vermiculite likely belong to this category.
“Supposedly enantiospecific adsorptions of amino acids with allophane, 274 hydrotalcite-like compound, 275 montmorillonite, 276 and vermiculite 277,278 also likely belong to this category.”
From Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality (2022) · cites this paper as [277]
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- Authors
- Fraser, D. G., Fitz, D., Jakschitz, T., & Rode, B. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Universität Innsbruck (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Fraser, Donald G.
- ORCID
- Jakschitz, T.
- Venue
- Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 831-838
- ISSN
- 1463-9076 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-9084
- OpenAlex
- W2054835116
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Keywords
- vermiculite, smectite, chiral amplification, amino acid adsorption, enantiomer separation, alanine, lysine, histidine, prebiotic chemistry, lagoonal environment
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Alanine, Aluminum Silicates, Amino Acids, Ammonium Chloride, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Gels, Histidine, Lysine, Stereoisomerism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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