Experimental Models of Primitive Cellular Compartments: Encapsulation, Growth, and Division
Open accessAbstract
The clay montmorillonite is known to catalyze the polymerization of RNA from activated ribonucleotides. Here we report that montmorillonite accelerates the spontaneous conversion of fatty acid micelles into vesicles. Clay particles often become encapsulated in these vesicles, thus providing a pathway for the prebiotic encapsulation of catalytically active surfaces within membrane vesicles. In addition, RNA adsorbed to clay can be encapsulated within vesicles. Once formed, such vesicles can grow by incorporating fatty acid supplied as micelles and can divide without dilution of their contents by extrusion through small pores. These processes mediate vesicle replication through cycles of growth and division. The formation, growth, and division of the earliest cells may have occurred in response to similar interactions with mineral particles and inputs of material and energy.
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Oleate addition to preformed vesicles led to growth, but division was not observed unless the vesicles were forced through small pores.
“Experiments using fluorescent markers of membrane area and vesicle content confirmed that oleate addition to preformed vesicles led to growth, but division was not observed unless the vesicles were forced through small pores (Hanczyc et al. 2003).”
From Protocells and RNA Self-Replication (2018) · cites this paper as Hanczyc et al. 2003
The growth and division passages (indexed as Abstract; page unavailable) report that fluorescent membrane dyes tracked growth of preformed vesicles and that extrusion through small pores induced division. But these experiments used myristoleate, not oleate. The paper also does not establish that division could not occur without extrusion. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVesicle structures can divide.
“Vesicle structures can grow (Chen and Szostak, 2004), divide (Hanczyc et al., 2003), and selectively take up compounds from the environment (Chen et al., 2004).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Hanczyc et al., 2003
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- Authors
- Hanczyc, M. M., Fujikawa, S. M., & Szostak, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hanczyc, Martin M.
- Fujikawa, Shelly M.
- Szostak, Jack W.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2003-10-24
- Volume
- 302
- Issue
- 5645
- Pages
- 618-622
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC4484575
- OpenAlex
- W2051636768
- Cited by
- 848
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 26.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- membrane vesicle formation, vesicle growth, vesicle division, RNA adsorption, vesicle extrusion
- MeSH terms
- Clay, Adsorption, Aluminum Silicates, Bentonite, Catalysis, Ceramics, Chemistry, Physical, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Fluoresceins, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Light, Lipid Bilayers, Micelles, Microspheres, Models, Theoretical, RNA, Scattering, Radiation, Surface Properties, Myristic Acid, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Chemical Phenomena
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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