Preparation and investigation of the formation mechanism of submicron-sized spherical particles of gold using laser ablation and laser irradiation in liquids
Abstract
Results of very recent studies have shown that laser irradiation (LI) of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) using a non-focused laser beam at moderate fluence transforms the NPs to submicron-sized spherical particles (SMPs). For this study, we applied this technique to prepare gold SMPs from source gold NPs prepared by laser ablation of a gold plate in an aqueous solution. Results show that SMPs were obtained from NPs in pure water, but a considerably large amount of the source NPs were sedimented without LI. On the other hand, SMPs were not obtained from NPs stabilized by 1 mM citrate. These findings indicate that the agglomeration of the source NPs prior to the laser-induced melting is important to obtain SMPs, although the sedimentation of the source NPs caused by considerable agglomeration should be reduced to obtain SMPs efficiently. A proper condition of the agglomeration tendency of the source NPs to prepare SMPs reducing the sedimentation of the source NPs was obtainable by simply adjusting the citrate solution concentration. Moreover, investigation of the temporal dynamics of the formation process of SMPs suggested that the agglomeration of the source NPs not only is controlled by citrate but also is induced by LI. LI brings about the decomposition and removal of citrate molecules on the surface of the source NPs, and cause the agglomeration of the source NPs dynamically; then it brings about the fusion of the agglomerated NPs.
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A theoretical correlation between particle diameter and laser fluence for Au was reported by Pyatenko et al. and experimentally investigated by Tsuji et al.
“Furthermore, for Au, a theoretical correlation between particle diameter and laser fluence was reported by Pyatenko et al. [117] and experimentally investigated by Tsuji et al. [118].”
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Self-citationWen, H., Hang, L., Liang, L., Li, W., & Jiang, G. (2021) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ac2a82 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Park, T.-H., Jeong, D., & Jang, D. (2020) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/d0cp03734f · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fabrication of Submicron Spherical Metal Particles by Laser Melting in Liquid
Koshizaki, N., Tsuji, T., & Ishikawa, Y. (2014) · Materia Japan · doi:10.2320/materia.53.87 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationTsuji, T., Takade, I., Tsuji, M., Ishikawa, Y., & Koshizaki, N. (2016) · Electronics and Communications in Japan · doi:10.1002/ecj.11875 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationHigashi, Y., Tsuji, T., Tsuji, M., Fujiwara, H., Ishikawa, Y., & Koshizaki, N. (2013) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR) · doi:10.1109/cleopr.2013.6600560 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationFabrication and characterization of spherical micro semiconductor crystals by laser ablation method
Shimogaki, T., Okazaki, K., Yamasaki, K., Fusazaki, K., Mizokami, Y., Tetsuyama, N., Higashihata, M., Ikenoue, H., Nakamura, D., & Okada, T. (2014) · Applied Physics A · doi:10.1007/s00339-014-8529-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Luo, T., Cao, B., Li, W., Sun, J., Yang, C., & Yang, S. (2020) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.11.062 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Optical Binding‐Driven Micropatterning and Photosculpting with Silver Nanorods
González-García, M. C., García‐Fernández, E., Hueso, J. L., Paulo, P. M. R., & Orte, Á. (2023) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202300076 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Baimler, I. V., Popov, I. A., Simakin, A. V., & Gudkov, S. V. (2026) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano16020079 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Successive Production of Submicrometer-Sized Spherical Particles by Pulsed Laser Melting in Liquid
Ishikawa, Y., & Koshizaki, N. (2020) · Journal of the Society of Powder Technology Japan · doi:10.4164/sptj.57.428 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationPreparation of submicron-sized gold particles using laser-induced agglomeration-fusion process
Tsuji, T., Higashi, Y., Tsuji, M., Ishikawa, Y., & Koshizaki, N. (2014) · Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering · doi:10.1117/12.2036912
Self-citationControl of Formation Efficiency and Stability of Nanoparticles in Laser Ablation in Liquid
Tsuji, T. (2015) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.43.11_757
Self-citationTsuji, T., Takade, I., Tsuji, M., Ishikawa, Y., & Koshizaki, N. (2015) · IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems · doi:10.1541/ieejeiss.135.1090
Self-citationTsuji, T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7798-4_5
Self-citationLaser Ablation - Applications and Modeling
Harooni, M. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.105251
Allaf, M. A., Okamoto, K., & Owa, T. (2025) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/5.0272623
Taguchi, T., Yamamoto, S., Nakanishi, R., Koshikawa, H., & Saeki, M. (2026) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.167052
Straightforward and environmentally benign production and characterization of gold nanoparticlesPreprint
Blaimer, D., Strobel, L., Waag, F., Bessel, T., Zanotti, L., Bruhn, H., & Leopold, K. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7451109
- Authors
- Tsuji, T., Yahata, T., Yasutomo, M., Igawa, K., Tsuji, M., Ishikawa, Y., & Koshizaki, N.
- Affiliations
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Kagawa University (JP)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Tsuji, Takeshi
- Venue
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3099
- ISSN
- 1463-9076 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-9084
- OpenAlex
- W2012202047
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22510103, 25390042, 22310060)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Keywords
- gold nanoparticles, laser ablation, nanoparticle agglomeration, citrate stabilization, nanoparticle sedimentation, laser-induced melting, nanoparticle fusion, formation mechanism, colloidal nanoparticles
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