The future of solar fuels: when could they become competitive?

Water photolysis at 12.3% efficiency via perovskite photovoltaics and Earth-abundant catalysts

Luo, J., Im, J.-H., Mayer, M. T., Schreier, M., Nazeeruddin, M. K., Park, N.-G., Tilley, S. D., Fan, H. J., & Grätzel, M. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1258307 · Cited by 2,509

Sustainable Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: An Integrated Review of Catalysis and Life Cycle Assessment

Artz, J., Müller, T. E., Thenert, K., Kleinekorte, J., Meys, R., Sternberg, A., Bardow, A., & Leitner, W. (2018) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00435 · Cited by 2,436

Research opportunities to advance solar energy utilization

Lewis, N. S. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad1920 · Cited by 2,075

Future cost and performance of water electrolysis: An expert elicitation study

Schmidt, O., Gambhir, A., Staffell, I., Hawkes, A., Nelson, J., & Few, S. (2017) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.045 · Cited by 2,067

Wireless Solar Water Splitting Using Silicon-Based Semiconductors and Earth-Abundant Catalysts

Reece, S. Y., Hamel, J. A., Sung, K., Jarvi, T. D., Esswein, A. J., Pijpers, J. J. H., & Nocera, D. G. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1209816 · Cited by 1,687

The Artificial Leaf

Nocera, D. G. (2012) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar2003013 · Cited by 1,682

Technical and economic feasibility of centralized facilities for solar hydrogen production via photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry

Pinaud, B. A., Benck, J. D., Seitz, L. C., Forman, A. J., Chen, Z., Deutsch, T. G., James, B. D., Baum, K. N., Baum, G. N., Ardo, S., et al. (2013) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee40831k · Cited by 1,473

Sustainable hydrocarbon fuels by recycling CO 2 and H 2 O with renewable or nuclear energy

Graves, C., Ebbesen, S. D., Mogensen, M., & Lackner, K. S. (2011) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.014 · Cited by 1,056

Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO 2 reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis

Liu, C., Colón, B. C., Ziesack, M., Silver, P. A., & Nocera, D. G. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf5039 · Cited by 971

A comparative technoeconomic analysis of renewable hydrogen production using solar energy

Shaner, M. R., Atwater, H. A., Lewis, N. S., & McFarland, E. W. (2016) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c5ee02573g · Cited by 960

A review of high temperature co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2to produce sustainable fuels using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs): advanced materials and technology

Zheng, Y., Wang, J., Yu, B., Zhang, W., Chen, J., Qiao, J., & Zhang, J. (2017) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c6cs00403b · Cited by 782

Power to Gas projects review: Lab, pilot and demo plants for storing renewable energy and CO2

Bailera, M., Lisbona, P., Romeo, L. M., & Espatolero, S. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.130 · Cited by 626

Experimental demonstrations of spontaneous, solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting

Ager, J. W., Shaner, M. R., Walczak, K. A., Sharp, I. D., & Ardo, S. (2015) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c5ee00457h · Cited by 609

A review of learning rates for electricity supply technologies

Rubin, E. S., Azevedo, I. M. L., Jaramillo, P., & Yeh, S. (2015) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2015.06.011 · Cited by 606

Production of FT transportation fuels from biomass; technical options, process analysis and optimisation, and development potential

HAMELINCK, C., FAAIJ, A., DENUIL, H., & BOERRIGTER, H. (2004) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2004.01.002 · Cited by 565

Pathways for solar photovoltaics

Jean, J., Brown, P. R., Jaffe, R. L., Buonassisi, T., & Bulović, V. (2015) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c4ee04073b · Cited by 515

The urgency of the development of CO 2 capture from ambient air

Lackner, K. S., Brennan, S., Matter, J. M., Park, A.-H. A., Wright, A., & van der Zwaan, B. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1108765109 · Cited by 449

Life-cycle assessment of carbon dioxide capture and utilization: avoiding the pitfalls

von der Assen, N., Jung, J., & Bardow, A. (2013) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee41151f · Cited by 447

Chemical approaches to artificial photosynthesis

Concepcion, J. J., House, R. L., Papanikolas, J. M., & Meyer, T. J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1212254109 · Cited by 409

World Energy Statistics

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Organic Dye-Sensitized Tandem Photoelectrochemical Cell for Light Driven Total Water Splitting

Li, F., Fan, K., Xu, B., Gabrielsson, E., Daniel, Q., Li, L., & Sun, L. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5b04856 · Cited by 367

Dye-sensitised semiconductors modified with molecular catalysts for light-driven H2 production

Willkomm, J., Orchard, K. L., Reynal, A., Pastor, E., Durrant, J. R., & Reisner, E. (2016) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c5cs00733j · Cited by 349

Power to liquid and power to gas: An option for the German Energiewende

Varone, A., & Ferrari, M. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.049 · Cited by 317

Syngas production via high-temperature steam/CO2 co-electrolysis: an economic assessment

Fu, Q., Mabilat, C., Zahid, M., Brisse, A., & Gautier, L. (2010) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c0ee00092b · Cited by 306

Use and limitations of learning curves for energy technology policy: A component-learning hypothesis

Ferioli, F., Schoots, K., & van der Zwaan, B. C. C. (2009) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.10.043 · Cited by 275

Methanol production from CO2 using solar-thermal energy: process development and techno-economic analysis

Kim, J., Henao, C. A., Johnson, T. A., Dedrick, D. E., Miller, J. E., Stechel, E. B., & Maravelias, C. T. (2011) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c1ee01311d · Cited by 262

Syngas Production By Coelectrolysis of CO2/H2O: The Basis for a Renewable Energy Cycle

Zhan, Z., Kobsiriphat, W., Wilson, J. R., Pillai, M., Kim, I., & Barnett, S. A. (2009) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef900111f · Cited by 260

Learning curves for hydrogen production technology: An assessment of observed cost reductions

SCHOOTS, K., FERIOLI, F., KRAMER, G., & VANDERZWAAN, B. (2008) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.03.011 · Cited by 259

Production of Fischer–Tropsch liquid fuels from high temperature solid oxide co-electrolysis units

Becker, W. L., Braun, R. J., Penev, M., & Melaina, M. (2012) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.08.047 · Cited by 256

An integrated techno-economic and life cycle environmental assessment of power-to-gas systems

Parra, D., Zhang, X., Bauer, C., & Patel, M. K. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.063 · Cited by 251

Prospects of solar thermal hydrogen production processes

Pregger, T., Graf, D., Krewitt, W., Sattler, C., Roeb, M., & Möller, S. (2009) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.025 · Cited by 239

Techno-economic analysis for the synthesis of liquid and gaseous fuels based on hydrogen production via electrolysis

Tremel, A., Wasserscheid, P., Baldauf, M., & Hammer, T. (2015) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.097 · Cited by 231

Fuel production from CO2 using solar-thermal energy: system level analysis

Kim, J., Johnson, T. A., Miller, J. E., Stechel, E. B., & Maravelias, C. T. (2012) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c2ee21798h · Cited by 206

Fischer-Tropsch Fuels from Coal and Biomass

Kreutz, T. G., Larson, E. D., Liu, G., & Williams, R. H. (2008) · Cited by 200

Renewable fuels from concentrated solar power: towards practical artificial photosynthesis

Bonke, S. A., Wiechen, M., MacFarlane, D. R., & Spiccia, L. (2015) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c5ee02214b · Cited by 192

Methanol synthesis from flue-gas CO2 and renewable electricity: a feasibility study

Mignard, D. (2003) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/s0360-3199(02)00082-4 · Cited by 182

Design and cost considerations for practical solar-hydrogen generators

Rodriguez, C. A., Modestino, M. A., Psaltis, D., & Moser, C. (2014) · Energy Environ. Sci. · doi:10.1039/c4ee01453g · Cited by 175

Energy and Climate Impacts of Producing Synthetic Hydrocarbon Fuels from CO 2

van der Giesen, C., Kleijn, R., & Kramer, G. J. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es500191g · Cited by 162

Energy storage systems cost update : a study for the DOE Energy Storage Systems Program.

Schoenung, S. (2011) · doi:10.2172/1013227 · Cited by 149

An optimization-based assessment framework for biomass-to-fuel conversion strategies

Kim, J., Sen, S. M., & Maravelias, C. T. (2013) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee24243a · Cited by 120

Can photosynthesis enable a global transition from fossil fuels to solar fuels, to mitigate climate change and fuel-supply limitations?

Ringsmuth, A. K., Landsberg, M. J., & Hankamer, B. D. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.016 · Cited by 115

Technology learning for fuel cells: An assessment of past and potential cost reductions

Schoots, K., Kramer, G. J., & van der Zwaan, B. (2010) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.01.022 · Cited by 109

Introduction to Energy Analysis

Blok, K., & Nieuwlaar, E. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315617213 · Cited by 89

PEM Electrolysis H2A Production Case Study Documentation

James, B. D., Fuel Cell Technologies Program (EE-3F) USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Colella, W. G., Moton, J. M., Saur, G., & Ramsden, T. (2013) · doi:10.2172/1214980 · Cited by 85

Challenges and Perspectives in Designing Artificial Photosynthetic Systems

Zhou, H., Yan, R., Zhang, D., & Fan, T. (2016) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201600289 · Cited by 82

Surpassing the current limitations of biohydrogen production systems: The case for a novel hybrid approach

Boboescu, I. Z., Gherman, V. D., Lakatos, G., Pap, B., Bíró, T., & Maróti, G. (2016) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.083 · Cited by 81

Techno-economic Analysis for the Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels

Zhu, Y., USDOE, Rahardjo, S. A. T., Valkenburt, C., Snowden-Swan, L. J., Jones, S. B., & Machinal, M. (2011) · doi:10.2172/1128665 · Cited by 75

Learning curves for solid oxide fuel cells

Rivera-Tinoco, R., Schoots, K., & van der Zwaan, B. (2012) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2011.11.018 · Cited by 70

Opportunities for economies of scale with alkaline electrolyzers

Morgan, E. R., Manwell, J. F., & McGowan, J. G. (2013) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.08.116 · Cited by 46

Efficient Production of Solar Fuel Using Existing Large Scale Production Technologies

Haije, W. G., & Geerlings, H. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es203160k · Cited by 45

Current (2009) State-of-the-Art Hydrogen Production Cost Estimate Using Water Electrolysis: Independent Review

Available, N. (2009) · doi:10.2172/967195 · Cited by 25

Towards a Bioinspired‐Systems Approach for Solar Fuel Devices

Detz, R. J., Sakai, K., Spiccia, L., Brudvig, G. W., Sun, L., & Reek, J. N. H. (2016) · ChemPlusChem · doi:10.1002/cplu.201600446 · Cited by 20

System Evaluations and Life-Cycle Cost Analyses for High-Temperature Electrolysis Hydrogen Production Facilities

USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Harvego, E., O'Brien, J., & McKellar, M. (2012) · doi:10.2172/1047199 · Cited by 15

Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments

Chatenet, M., Pollet, B. G., Dekel, D. R., Dionigi, F., Deseure, J., Millet, P., Braatz, R. D., Bazant, M. Z., Eikerling, M., Staffell, I., et al. (2022) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs01079k · Cited by 2,025

Hydrogen liquefaction: a review of the fundamental physics, engineering practice and future opportunities

Al Ghafri, S. Z., Munro, S., Cardella, U., Funke, T., Notardonato, W., Trusler, J. P. M., Leachman, J., Span, R., Kamiya, S., Pearce, G., et al. (2022) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee00099g · Cited by 561

Can sustainable ammonia synthesis pathways compete with fossil-fuel based Haber–Bosch processes?

Wang, M., Khan, M. A., Mohsin, I., Wicks, J., Ip, A. H., Sumon, K. Z., Dinh, C.-T., Sargent, E. H., Gates, I. D., & Kibria, M. G. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee03808c · Cited by 518

Battery cost forecasting: a review of methods and results with an outlook to 2050

Mauler, L., Duffner, F., Zeier, W. G., & Leker, J. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee01530c · Cited by 499

Drop-in fuels from sunlight and air

Schäppi, R., Rutz, D., Dähler, F., Muroyama, A., Haueter, P., Lilliestam, J., Patt, A., Furler, P., & Steinfeld, A. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04174-y · Cited by 411