The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 49 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh
Open accessAbstract
Potential native plants identified for phytoremediation.
Overview
CoChat Summary
TL;DR
In an industrial area of Gazipur, Bangladesh, 12 native plant species and underlying soils were screened for nine heavy metals by AAS, with BCF and TF used to identify phytoremediation candidates. Brachiaria mutica showed high root-to-shoot translocation for multiple metals, Colocasia esculenta and Mimosa pudica showed strong Pb accumulation/translocation, and Stellaria media showed high Cr BCF.
Key findings
- Brachiaria mutica (P-5) had the highest TF values (∼4–8) for Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, and Ni, including Cr TF 5.49 and Cu TF 5.86.
- For Pb, Colocasia esculenta (P-8) had an exceptionally high BCF (∼9), while Mimosa pudica (P-11) had the highest TF (8.15); for Cr, Stellaria media (P-4) had the highest BCF (7.45).
- Zn showed the highest translocation: TF 24.21 in Mikania micrantha (P-3) and ∼31.87 in Stellaria media (P-4), with Zn BCF peaking in Urena lobata (P-10) at 14.91; Mn BCF reached 14.2 and 14.6 in Eichhornia crassipes (P-2) and Hygrophila polysperma (P-6).
- PCA grouped species by accumulation versus translocation: PC1 and PC2 explained 58.11% of variance; B. mutica had the highest PC1 score (2.085), while C. esculenta, E. crassipes, S. media, P. purpureum, and H. polysperma were associated with high BCF and possible phytostabilization.
Methods
- Field sampling was conducted at Noyapara, Vawal Mirzapur, Gazipur, Bangladesh; 12 plant species and 12 soil composite samples were collected from 12 core sampling sites, with topsoil (0–25 cm) taken beneath each plant canopy and three subsamples per composite.
- Soil and separated plant root/shoot samples were dried, ashed or digested with HNO3/HClO4/HF, and analyzed for Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn using AAS (Agilent AA240 FS, air/acetylene flame); CRM checks gave spike recovery 96–104%, and triplicate measurements had RSD <10%.
- TF was calculated as shoot/root metal concentration and BCF as root/soil metal concentration; PCA was performed on z-score-normalized BCF and TF values using Origin Pro 2024.
Limitations
- Stated: soil pH, organic matter, CEC, metal speciation, root exudates, transporter expression, and subcellular metal distribution were not measured, so proposed mechanisms are plausible interpretations rather than experimentally demonstrated causes.
- Stated: practical remediation capacity requires further validation through controlled experiments, seasonal monitoring, biomass-based assessments, and pilot-scale field trials of planting density, species combinations, harvesting frequency, and long-term metal removal.
- Evident from the text: this is a single-time field screening without biomass or total metal-removal data, and the soils were below international threshold values, so the species’ performance under heavily contaminated conditions and their actual remediation efficiency remain untested.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 Valid · 1 Not valid · 24 Not checked · 70 Own results and interpretations
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In general, the P-3, P-4, P-8, and P-11 plant species consistently showed high levels of several toxic metals, indicating localized contamination hotspots or increased metal bioavailability.”
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Characteristics of plant species and levels of metals in soil and plants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For chromium, a high affinity for accumulation was also observed among the tested species, with S. media (P-4) demonstrating the highest BCF of 7.45, while B. mutica (P-5) showed the highest TF of 5.49.”
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of heavy metals in the investigated plant species
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As an essential micronutrient, manganese presented notably high BCF values, which were even higher than those of most metals.”
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of heavy metals in the investigated plant species
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fe and Mn were the most abundant elements due to their biological importance.”
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Characteristics of plant species and levels of metals in soil and plants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lead (Pb) concentrations varied from 5.7 to 98.5 mg kg−1, with a mean value of 29.8 mg kg−1.”
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Characteristics of plant species and levels of metals in soil and plants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
48 more claims
Create a free account to see all 95 claims and every source verdict.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 34
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Characteristics of plant species and levels of metals in soil and plants
“Overall, the concentrations of toxic metals in the soils were well below the threshold values established by international soil-quality guidelines, indicating that the soils were not heavily contaminated.”
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Characteristics of plant species and levels of metals in soil and plants
“| Average | 11.3 | 0.16 | 5.72 | 26 525.0 | 1148.2 | 9.65 | 30.1 | 42.5 | 19.6 | | FAO | 100 | 3 | 100 | — | — | — | 50 | 4.5 | 300 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Deionized (DI) water, with an electrical conductivity of 0.2 µS cm−1 and a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C”
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Materials and methods > Sample collection
Reported 18.2 · recomputed 5
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Principal component analysis (PCA)
“Colocasia esculenta (P-8) (−1.721, 0.179), Eichhornia crassipes (P-2) (−1.137, 0.401), and Stellaria media (P-4) (−0.567, 1.966)”
§ Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh > Results and discussion > Principal component analysis (PCA)
“were found to be in the lower left quadrant”
Citations
Cites
Trace Elements in Soils and Plants
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010) · doi:10.1201/b10158 · Cited by 11,918
Principal component analysis: A review and recent developments
Jolliffe, I. T., & Cadima, J. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0202 · Cited by 10,117
Phytoremediation of heavy metals—concepts and applications
Ali, H., Khan, E., & Sajad, M. A. (2013) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.075 · Cited by 3,961
Heavy metals in food crops: health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management
Rai, P. K., Lee, S. S., Zhang, M., Tsang, Y. F., & Kim, K.-H. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.067 · Cited by 1,895
Phytoremediation: A Promising Approach for Revegetation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Land
Yan, A., Wang, Y., Tan, S. N., Mohd Yusof, M. L., Ghosh, S., & Chen, Z. (2020) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00359 · Cited by 1,644
Iron Uptake, Translocation, and Regulation in Higher Plants
Kobayashi, T., & Nishizawa, N. K. (2012) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105522 · Cited by 1,330
Shahid, M., Shamshad, S., Rafiq, M., Khalid, S., Bibi, I., Niazi, N. K., Dumat, C., & Rashid, M. I. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.074 · Cited by 1,066
Hama Aziz, K. H., Mustafa, F. S., Omer, K. M., Hama, S., Hamarawf, R. F., & Rahman, K. O. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra00723e · Cited by 982
Manganese in Plants: From Acquisition to Subcellular Allocation
Alejandro, S., Höller, S., Meier, B., & Peiter, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00300 · Cited by 859
Increased resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variant P.1 to antibody neutralization
Wang, P., Casner, R. G., Nair, M. S., Wang, M., Yu, J., Cerutti, G., Liu, L., Kwong, P. D., Huang, Y., Shapiro, L., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.007 · Cited by 636
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- FAO and WHO , Food Safety and Heavy Metals in Agricultural Systems . 2021
Cited by
Still being checked.
Metadata
- Authors
- Hasan, M., Ashraphy, F., Akhter, S., Abrarin, S., Tazrin, J., Islam, M. A., Akbor, M. A., Al-Amin, M., Khan, M. S., & Siddique, M. A. B.
- Affiliations
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BD)
- Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (BD)
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author
- Hasan, Mehedi
- ORCID
- Venue
- RSC Advances
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2026
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 58219-58231
- ISSN
- 2046-2069 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC13621246
- OpenAlex
- W7214808464
- Semantic Scholar
- fd96189ff2bf9678aaaccd534ae0173eaf51a1de
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 75
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- RSC Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (39.02.0000.011.14.157.2022)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- phytoremediation, heavy metals, native plants, plant screening, cadmium uptake, bioavailability, industrial pollution, Bangladesh
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-15, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-15 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1039/d6ra07111b
- The paper
- Hasan, M., Ashraphy, F., Akhter, S., Abrarin, S., Tazrin, J., Islam, M. A., Akbor, M. A., Al-Amin, M., Khan, M. S., & Siddique, M. A. B. (2026). Screening native plants for the sustainable phytoremediation of heavy metals in industrial areas of Bangladesh. RSC Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07111b
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
