Cited by 137Redox biology and oxidative stressNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsAdvanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications

Identification of S-nitrosated mitochondrial proteins by S-nitrosothiol difference in gel electrophoresis (SNO-DIGE): implications for the regulation of mitochondrial function by reversible S-nitrosation

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Chouchani, Edward T., Hurd, Thomas R., Nadtochiy, Sergiy M., Brookes, Paul S., Fearnley, Ian M., Lilley, Kathryn S., Smith, Robin A. J., Murphy, Michael P.·2010·Biochemical Journal

Abstract

The S-nitrosation of mitochondrial proteins as a consequence of NO metabolism is of physiological and pathological significance. We previously developed a MitoSNO (mitochondria-targeted S-nitrosothiol) that selectively S-nitrosates mitochondrial proteins. To identify these S-nitrosated proteins, here we have developed a selective proteomic methodology, SNO-DIGE (S-nitrosothiol difference in gel electrophoresis). Protein thiols in control and MitoSNO-treated samples were blocked, then incubated with copper(II) and ascorbate to selectively reduce S-nitrosothiols. The samples were then treated with thiol-reactive Cy3 (indocarbocyanine) or Cy5 (indodicarbocyanine) fluorescent tags, mixed together and individual protein spots were resolved by 2D (two-dimensional) gel electrophoresis. Fluorescent scanning of these gels revealed S-nitrosated proteins by an increase in Cy5 red fluorescence, allowing for their identification by MS. Parallel analysis by Redox-DIGE enabled us to distinguish S-nitrosated thiol proteins from those which became oxidized due to NO metabolism. We identified 13 S-nitrosated mitochondrial proteins, and a further four that were oxidized, probably due to evanescent S-nitrosation relaxing to a reversible thiol modification. We investigated the consequences of S-nitrosation for three of the enzymes identified using SNO-DIGE (aconitase, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) and found that their activity was selectively and reversibly inhibited by S-nitrosation. We conclude that the reversible regulation of enzyme activity by S-nitrosation modifies enzymes central to mitochondrial metabolism, whereas identification and functional characterization of these novel targets provides mechanistic insight into the potential physiological and pathological roles played by this modification. More generally, the development of SNO-DIGE facilitates robust investigation of protein S-nitrosation across the proteome.

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  • The S-nitrosated mitochondrial proteins detected in vivo were probably membrane-protein complexes, which resolve poorly by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

    “suggesting that the S-nitrosated mitochondrial proteins detected in vivo (Fig. 1a) were probably membrane-protein complexes, which resolve poorly by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis12.”
  • The SNO-DIGE experiment used a biological variance analysis design with four biological replicates per experiment, comparing each treatment to a pooled standard.

    “To assess differences in protein fluorescence using two-dimensional DIGE, we used an experimental design that included biological variance analysis (BVA)12. In each DIGE experiment, we used four biological replicates, where a biological replicate is an independently prepared heart tissue subjected to the CyDye sample preparations described above.”
  • These S-nitrosating compounds target other mitochondrial proteins as well and may have other cellular effects neither completely understood nor well characterized.

    “These S-nitrosating compounds, however, target other mitochondrial proteins as well (91), and may have other cellular effects neither completely understood nor well characterized.”

    From Redox regulation of mitochondrial function (2012) · cites this paper as [91]

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Authors
Chouchani, E. T., Hurd, T. R., Nadtochiy, S. M., Brookes, P. S., Fearnley, I. M., Lilley, K. S., Smith, R. A. J., & Murphy, M. P.
Affiliations
  • MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (GB)
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • University of Otago (NZ)
Corresponding author
Murphy, Michael P.
Venue
Biochemical Journal
Published
2010-07-28
Volume
430
Issue
1
Pages
49-59
ISSN
  • 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-8728
OpenAlex
W2036982001
Cited by
137
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 16
FWCI
6.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-071158, R01HL071158)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Keywords
S-nitrosylation, S-nitrosothiols, mitochondrial proteins, nitric oxide metabolism, reversible protein modification, aconitase, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, enzyme inhibition, thiol oxidation, mitochondrial metabolism, proteomic identification
MeSH terms
Animals, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria, Myocardium, Oxidation-Reduction, Superoxides, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Mitochondrial Proteins, S-Nitrosothiols, Proteomics, Mice, Rats, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, In Vitro Techniques

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