Biosynthesis of isoprenoids (carotenoids, sterols, prenyl side-chains of chlorophylls and plastoquinone) via a novel pyruvate/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate non-mevalonate pathway in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus

SCHWENDER, Jörg; SEEMANN, Myriam; LICHTENTHALER, Hartmut K.; ROHMER, Michel

doi:10.1042/bj3160073

Cited by 373Plant biochemistry and biosynthesisLipid metabolism and biosynthesisPhotosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms

Biosynthesis of isoprenoids (carotenoids, sterols, prenyl side-chains of chlorophylls and plastoquinone) via a novel pyruvate/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate non-mevalonate pathway in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus

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SCHWENDER, Jörg, SEEMANN, Myriam, LICHTENTHALER, Hartmut K., ROHMER, Michel·1996·Biochemical Journal

DOI 10.1042/bj3160073PMC PMC1217352

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Abstract

Isoprenoid biosynthesis was investigated in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus grown heterotrophically on 13C-labelled glucose and acetate. Several isoprenoid compounds were isolated and investigated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. According to the 13C-labelling pattern indicated by the 13C-NMR spectra, the biosynthesis of all plastidic isoprenoids investigated (prenyl side-chains of chlorophylls and plastoquinone-9, and the carotenoids β-carotene and lutein), as well as of the non-plastidic cytoplasmic sterols, does not proceed via the classical acetate/mevalonate pathway (which leads from acetyl-CoA via mevalonate to isopentenyl diphosphate), but via the novel glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate route recently detected in eubacteria. Formation of isopentenyl diphosphate involves the condensation of a C2 unit derived from pyruvate decarboxylation with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a transposition yielding the branched C5 skeleton of isoprenic units.

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A second route for IPP synthesis, the MEP or nonmevalonate pathway, uses d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate and was discovered in eubacteria and plants.
“Research in eubacteria and plants then revealed a second metabolic route for IPP synthesis referred to as the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) or nonmevalonate pathway, which utilizes the triose derivative, d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate along with pyruvate as starting materials90−94”
From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [92]
The Discussion describes a non-mevalonate route to IPP in eubacteria and the green alga Scenedesmus that uses glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a pyruvate-derived unit. It presents the route’s occurrence in higher plants as a hypothesis, rather than a finding established by this study. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Authors: SCHWENDER, J., SEEMANN, M., LICHTENTHALER, H. K., & ROHMER, M.
Affiliations: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
École nationale supérieure de chimie de Mulhouse (FR)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
ORCID: SCHWENDER, Jörg
SEEMANN, Myriam
ROHMER, Michel
Venue: Biochemical Journal
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Published: 1996-05-15
Volume: 316
Issue: 1
Pages: 73-80
ISSN: 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
1470-8728
DOI: 10.1042/bj3160073
PMC: PMC1217352
OpenAlex: W1924177464
Cited by: 370
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 11.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Keywords: isoprenoid biosynthesis, methylerythritol phosphate pathway, Scenedesmus obliquus, carotenoids, sterols, plastoquinone-9, beta-carotene, lutein, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, 13C labeling, green algae
MeSH terms: Chlorophyta, Carbon Isotopes, Carotenoids, Chlorophyll, Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate, Glyoxylates, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Plastoquinone, Pyruvates, Sterols, Terpenes

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Biosynthesis of isoprenoids (carotenoids, sterols, prenyl side-chains of chlorophylls and plastoquinone) via a novel pyruvate/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate non-mevalonate pathway in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus

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