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Fluctuations in mitochondrial membrane potential caused by repetitive gating of the permeability transition pore
Open accessAbstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy and the potentiometric fluorescence probe tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester were used to measure changes in membrane electrical potential (δΨm) in individual mitochondria after isolation or in the living cell. Recordings averaged over small mitochondrial populations revealed a gradual decline in δΨmcaused by the light-induced generation of free radicals. Depolarization was attenuated by dithiothreitol or acidification. In contrast, individual organelles displayed rapid spontaneous depolarizations caused by openings of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MTP). Repetitive openings and closings of the pore gave rise to marked fluctuations in δΨm between the fully charged and completely depolarized state. Rapid spontaneous fluctuations in δΨm were observed in mitochondria isolated from rat heart and in mitochondria in living endothelial cells. The loss of δΨm of mitochondria in the living cell coincided with swelling of the organelle and the breakdown of long mitochondrial filaments. In the individual mitochondrion, oxidative stress initially triggered pore openings of shorter duration, before prolonged openings caused the complete dissipation of δΨm and a measurable efflux of larger solutes. Generalizing this scheme, we suggest that under conditions of prolonged oxidative stress and/or cellular Ca2+ overload, short openings of MTP might serve as an emergency mechanism allowing the partial dissipation of δΨm, the fast release of accumulated Ca2+ ions and the decreased generation of endogenous oxygen radicals. In contrast, loss of matrix metabolites, swelling and other structural damage of the organelle render prolonged openings of the transition pore deleterious to mitochondria and to the cell.
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“Ion-channel function is also subject to modification by thiol reducing and oxidizing agents (73, 163, 164).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- HüSER, J., & BLATTER, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Biochemical Journal
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 1999-10-08
- Volume
- 343
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 311-317
- ISSN
- 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8728
- PMC
- PMC1220555
- OpenAlex
- W2018776448
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Keywords
- mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, pore gating, membrane potential fluctuations, mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial calcium release, oxygen free radicals, dithiothreitol, endothelial cells, heart mitochondria
- MeSH terms
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, Animals, Calcium, Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, Cattle, Cells, Cultured, Dithiothreitol, Electric Conductivity, Endothelium, Vascular, Fluorescence, Heart Ventricles, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Intracellular Membranes, Ion Channels, Membrane Potentials, Membrane Proteins, Mitochondria, Mitochondria, Heart, Permeability, Pulmonary Artery, Rhodamines, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins, Rats
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