Dynamics of mitochondria in living cells: Shape changes, dislocations, fusion, and fission of mitochondria
Abstract
Mitochondria are semi‐autonomous organelles which are endowed with the ability to change their shape (e.g., by elongation, shortening, branching, buckling, swelling) and their location inside a living cell. In addition they may fuse or divide. These dynamics are discussed. Dislocation of mitochondria may result from their interaction with elements of the cytoskeleton, with microtubules in particular, and from processes intrinsic to the mitochondria themselves. Morphological criteria and differences in the fate of some mitochondria argue for the presence of more than one mitochondrial population in some animal cells. Whether these reflect genetic differences remains obscure. Emphasis is laid on the methods for visualizing mitochondria in cells and following their behaviour. Fluorescence methods provide unique possibilities because of their high resolving power and because some of the mitochondria‐specific fluorochromes can be used to reveal the membrane potential. Fusion and fission often occur in short time intervals within the same group of mitochondria. At sites of fusion of two mitochondria material of the inner membrane, the matrix compartment seems to accumulate. The original arrangement of the fusion partners is maintained for some minutes. Fission is a dynamic event which, like fusion, in most cases observed in vertebrate cell cultures is not a straightforward process but rather requires several “trials” until the division finally occurs. Regarding fusion and fission hitherto unpublished phase contrast micrographs, and electron micrographs have been included. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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“Mitochondrial fusion allows for greater adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production during conditions of high metabolic activity”
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- Authors
- Bereiter‐Hahn, J., & Vöth, M.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bereiter‐Hahn, J.
- Venue
- Microscopy Research and Technique
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-02-15
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 198-219
- ISSN
- 1059-910X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0029
- OpenAlex
- W2060811345
- Cited by
- 900
- References
- 223
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Microscopy Research and Technique (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial fission, microtubules, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial heterogeneity, fluorescence microscopy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Movement, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Fluorescent Dyes, HeLa Cells, Humans, Membrane Fusion, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Microtubules, Mitochondria, Xenopus, Cell Size
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