Changes in blood pressure during the normal menstrual cycle
Abstract
1. Changes in blood pressure during the normal menstrual cycle are not well documented, and previous studies have given conflicting results. 2. Thirty normotensive women and ten mildly hypertensive women measured their blood pressure at home each morning for 6 weeks, under standardized conditions, using a UA-751 semi-automatic sphygmomanometer. All had normal menstrual cycles and subjects entered the study at difference phases of the cycle. 3. Blood pressure was higher at the onset of menstruation than at most other phases of the cycle (systolic blood pressure, P < 0.05; diastolic blood pressure, P < 0.001). Adjusted diastolic blood pressure was higher in the follicular than in the luteal phase (mean difference 1.23 mmHg, P < 0.001). Similarly, blood pressure was lower during days 17–26 than during the remainder of the cycle (adjusted mean difference in systolic blood pressure −0.65 mmHg, P = 0.07; adjusted mean difference in diastolic blood pressure − 1.19 mmHg, P < 0.001). 4. Similar patterns were seen in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, and changes in plasma 17β-oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were also similar in the two groups.
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There is a lack of evidence to promote the use of antioxidant supplements, which have been associated with increased mortality.
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BackgroundInfluence of menstrual cycle on cytochrome P450 2A6 activity and cardiovascular effects of nicotine*
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“…fl uctuations of ±5.2 mmHg SBP and ±2.1 mmHg DBP have been found, 72 with other studies fi nding smaller ranges of ±1.45 mmHg SBP and ±0.55 mmHg DBP. 71 It is likely that this factor in fl uenced the results of this study; however, as the participant population consisted of both men and women,…”
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BLOOD PRESSURE VARIATIONS DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
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“Stage of menstrual cycle is known to effect physiological parameters and this may have confounded our results (Dunne et al. 1991).”
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“Indeed, some work has shown that brachial blood pressure is higher at the onset of menstruation compared to in later phases in the menstrual cycle [29], but previous research has largely reported no significant differences between phases [30–33].”
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The vestibular-cardiovascular reflex and orthostatic circulatory regulation
Aoki, M., Sakaida, Y., & Tanaka, K. (2012) · Equilibrium Research · doi:10.3757/jser.71.186 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Choudhury, R., Jahan, N., Sultana, N., et al. (1970) · Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist · doi:10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6782 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Meigal, A. Y., Voronova, N., Elaeva, L. E., & Kuzmina, G. (2014) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119714010113 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women as a Medical and Public Health Problem
Scuteri, A., & Fleg, J. L. (2003) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.2165/00151642-200310010-00010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Garg, R., Malhotra, V., Dhar, U., et al. (2014) · Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences · doi:10.14260/jemds/2014/2786 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Therefore, it is worthwhile to assess autonomic functions during various phases of menstrual cycle.[8,10,11] Moreover, there are few studies in the cardiorespiratory functions in different phases of the menstrual cycle among the healthy Indian women.”
BackgroundThwin, M. M., Maung, P. P., Oo, H. H., et al. (2022) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00125 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Vizthum, D., Melough, M. M., Patterson, F., Earthman, C. P., & Pacanowski, C. R. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106646 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hipertensión arterial sistémica en la mujer
Lomelí, C., Rosas, M., Mendoza-González, C., et al. (2008) · REMERI - Red Mexicana de Repositorios Institucionales · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nutritional modulation of blood pressure and vascular changes during severe menstrual cramps
Njoku, U. C., Amadi, P. U., & Amadi, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.018 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hemodynamic changes in pregnancy: does central blood pressure have any role?
Priyadarsini, N., Singh, S. C., Sethi, P., et al. (2023) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2022.2164115 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Estradiol has a blood pressure-lowering effect during the luteal phase (at the peak estradiol level) compared to the follicular phase (Dunne et al. 1991).”
BackgroundDzator, J. S. A., Smith, R. A., Coupland, K., Howe, P. R. C., & Griffiths, L. R. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031694 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Previous studies suggest that blood pressure may change across the menstrual cycle, particularly around the onset of menstruation [19,20].”
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Bommarito, J. C., & Millar, P. J. (2024) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2024-0449 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Plasma magnesium and cardiovascular changes during menstrual cycle in young Nigeria Women
Olayaki, L., Salman, T., Ayinla, M., et al. (2008) · Tropical Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/tjhc.v15i2.36769 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dunne, F. P., Barry, D. G., Ferriss, J. B., Grealy, G., & Murphy, D.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Venue
- Clinical Science
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 1991-10-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- s25
- Pages
- 515-518
- ISSN
- 0144-9664 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W49010454
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, blood pressure, menstrual cycle phases, follicular phase, luteal phase, onset of menstruation, hypertension, 17 beta-oestradiol, progesterone, normotensive women, home blood pressure monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, Estradiol, Female, Follicular Phase, Humans, Hypertension, Luteal Phase, Menstrual Cycle, Progesterone
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