Acquisition and Maintenance of Scripts in Aphasia: A Comparison of Two Cuing Conditions
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: This study was designed to compare acquisition and maintenance of scripts under two conditions: high cue, which provided numerous multimodality cues designed to minimize errors, and low cue, which provided minimal cues. Method: In a randomized controlled crossover study, eight individuals with chronic aphasia received intensive computer-based script training under two cuing conditions. Each condition lasted 3 weeks, with a 3-week washout period. Trained and untrained scripts were probed for accuracy and rate at baseline, during treatment, immediately posttreatment, and at 3 and 6 weeks posttreatment. Significance testing was conducted on gain scores, and effect sizes were calculated. Results: Training resulted in significant gains in script acquisition with maintenance of skills at 3 and 6 weeks posttreatment. Differences between cuing conditions were not significant. When severity of aphasia was considered, there also were no significant differences between conditions, although magnitude of change was greater in the high-cue condition versus the low-cue condition for those with more severe aphasia. Conclusions: Both cuing conditions were effective in acquisition and maintenance of scripts. The high-cue condition may be advantageous for those with more severe aphasia. Findings support the clinical use of script training and the importance of considering aphasia severity.
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Most existing studies with VR-based cognitive rehabilitation focused on specific language domains such as word retrieval, sentence building, and language comprehension.
“Most of the existing studies with VR-based cognitive rehabilitation focused on specific language domains [25–28], such as word retrieval [18, 19, 43, 44, 46–48], sentence building [20, 21], and language comprehension [22].”
From Conversational Therapy through Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality Environments for Language Recovery and Psychological Well-Being in Post Stroke Aphasia (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
The Method (Treatment Intervention; page unavailable) describes computer-based conversational script training for aphasia using a digital therapist, so this paper is an example of rehabilitation focused on a specific language task. It does not characterize the intervention as VR-based or establish that most existing VR-based studies focused on specific language domains. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA series of case and small group studies has shown that AphasiaScripts is effective in teaching target dialogues and reducing speech errors, with good maintenance of therapy gains.
“A series of case and small group studies has shown that AphasiaScripts is effective in teaching target dialogues and reducing speech errors, with good maintenance of therapy gains [48, 49].”
From Evaluating the Benefits of Aphasia Intervention Delivered in Virtual Reality: Results of a Quasi-Randomised Study (2016) · cites this paper as [48]
In the past, several VR systems for cognitive rehabilitation have only been studied with small numbers of participants and/or without control groups.
“As reported in Introduction, in the past, several VR systems have been developed for cognitive rehabilitation; some of which have only gone through studies with a small number of participants [43, 47, 48] and/or without control groups [32].”
From Conversational Therapy through Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality Environments for Language Recovery and Psychological Well-Being in Post Stroke Aphasia (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
Of the seven studies targeting sentence level, four trained personalized conversational scripts with diminishing cues, supported by a virtual speech-language pathologist demonstrating correct speech movements (AphasiaScripts).
“Of the seven studies targeting sentence level, four trained personalized conversational scripts with diminishing cues, supported by a virtual SLP demonstrating correct speech movements (AphasiaScripts) [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].”
From Computer- and Smart-Tablet-Based Self-Administered Treatments in Chronic Post-Stroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Cherney, L. R., Kaye, R. C., & van Vuuren, S.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (US)
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Institute of Cognitive Science
- ORCID
- Cherney, Leora R.
- Venue
- American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- S343-60
- ISSN
- 1058-0360 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-9110
- PMC
- PMC4105211
- OpenAlex
- W2023748635
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC011754)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Keywords
- aphasia, script training, chronic aphasia, aphasia severity, computer-based training, speech therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aphasia, Cues, Female, Humans, Language Therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Social Behavior, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Verbal Behavior, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome, Cross-Over Studies
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