The DOI matches its Crossref record.
When are Speech Sounds Learned?
Abstract
The age at which specific consonant articulations emerge differs greatly among children. Widely quoted age tables represent upper age limits rather than average performance, and stress-sound mastery in all word positions as opposed to customary usage. A new graphic way of summarizing information about age in relation to consonant development is proposed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The Iowa Articulation Norms Project and its Nebraska Replication
Smit, A. B., Hand, L., Freilinger, J. J., Bernthal, J. E., & Bird, A. (1990) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.5504.779 · Cited by 599
The Acquisition of Morphophonology
MacWhinney, B. (1978) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166047 · Cited by 502
Phonological development: a normative study of British English‐speaking children
DODD, B., HOLM, A., HUA, Z., & CROSBIE, S. (2003) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/0269920031000111348 · Cited by 416
Shriberg, L. D. (1993) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3601.105 · Cited by 374
Increasing Speech Intelligibility in Children with Autism
Koegel, R. L., Camarata, S., Koegel, L. K., Ben-Tall, A., & Smith, A. E. (1998) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1026073522897 · Cited by 154
Metadata
- Authors
- Sander, E. K.
- Venue
- Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
- Published
- 1972-02
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-63
- ISSN
- 0022-4677 (ISSN-L)
- 2163-6184
- OpenAlex
- W1991376338
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: When are Speech Sounds Learned? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1044/jshd.3701.55
- The paper
- Sander, E. K. (1972). When are Speech Sounds Learned? Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.3701.55
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
