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Cited by 599

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Iowa Articulation Norms Project and its Nebraska Replication

Smit, Ann Bosma, Hand, Linda, Freilinger, J. Joseph, Bernthal, John E., Bird, Ann·1990·Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
DOI 10.1044/jshd.5504.779
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Abstract

The purpose of the Iowa Articulation Norms Project and its Nebraska replication was to provide normative information about speech sound acquisition in these two states. An assessment instrument consisting of photographs and a checklist form for narrow phonetic transcription was administered by school-based speech-language pathologists to stratified samples of children in the age range 3–9 years. The resulting data were not influenced by the demographic variables of population density (rural/urban), SES (based on parental education), or state of residence (Iowa/Nebraska); however, sex of the child exerted a significant influence in some of the preschool age groups. The criteria used to determine acceptability of a production appeared to influence outcomes for some speech sounds. Acquisition curves were plotted for individual phoneme targets or groups of targets. These curves were used to develop recommended ages of acquisition for the tested speech sounds, with recommendations based generally on a 90% level of acquisition. Special considerations were required for the phonemes /n s z/.

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Metadata

Authors
Smit, A. B., Hand, L., Freilinger, J. J., Bernthal, J. E., & Bird, A.
Venue
Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
Publisher
American Speech Language Hearing Association
Published
1990-11
Volume
55
Issue
4
Pages
779-798
ISSN
  • 0022-4677 (ISSN-L)
  • 2163-6184
DOI
10.1044/jshd.5504.779
OpenAlex
W2068257966
Cited by
599
References
10
FWCI
5.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Iowa Articulation Norms Project and its Nebraska Replication. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1044/jshd.5504.779
The paper
Smit, A. B., Hand, L., Freilinger, J. J., Bernthal, J. E., & Bird, A. (1990). The Iowa Articulation Norms Project and its Nebraska Replication. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5504.779

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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