The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differential strain patterns of the human gastrocnemius aponeurosis and free tendon, in vivo
Abstract
Aim: The mechanical characteristics of the human free tendon and aponeurosis, in vivo, remains largely unknown. The present study evaluated the longitudinal displacement of the separate free Achilles tendon and distal (deep) aponeurosis of the medial gastrocnemius muscle during voluntary isometric contraction. Methods: Ultrasonography‐obtained displacement of the free tendon and tendon–aponeurosis complex, electromyography of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and dorsiflexor muscles, and joint angular rotation were recorded during isometric plantarflexion (n = 5). Tendon cross‐sectional area, moment arm and segment lengths (Lo) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Tendon force was calculated from joint moments and tendon moment arm, and stress was obtained by dividing force by cross‐sectional area. The difference between the free tendon and tendon–aponeurosis complex deformation yielded separate distal aponeurosis deformation. Longitudinal aponeurosis and tendon strain were obtained from the deformations normalized to segment lengths. Results: At a common tendon force of 2641 ± 306 N, the respective deformation and Lo were 5.85 ± 0.85 and 74 ± 0.8 mm for the free tendon and 2.12 ± 0.64 and 145 ± 1.3 mm for the distal aponeurosis, P < 0.05. Longitudinal strain was 8.0 ± 1.2% for the tendon and 1.4 ± 0.4% for the aponeurosis, P < 0.01. Stiffness and stored energy was 759 ± 132 N mm−1 and 6.14 ± 1.89 J, respectively, for the free tendon. Cross‐sectional area of the Achilles tendon was 73 ± 4 mm 2, yielding a stress of 36.5 ± 4.6 MPa and Young's modulus of 788 ± 181 MPa. Conclusion: The free Achilles tendon demonstrates greater strain compared with that of the distal (deep) aponeurosis during voluntary isometric contraction, which suggests that separate functional roles may exist during in vivo force transmission.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
In Vitro fatigue of Human Tendons
Schechtman, H., & Bader, D. L. (1997) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(97)00033-x · Cited by 218
Cited by
Bojsen-Møller, J., Magnusson, S. P., Rasmussen, L. R., Kjaer, M., & Aagaard, P. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01305.2004 · Cited by 532
Self-citationRegion specific patellar tendon hypertrophy in humans following resistance training
Kongsgaard, M., Reitelseder, S., Pedersen, T. G., Holm, L., Aagaard, P., Kjaer, M., & Magnusson, S. P. (2007) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01714.x · Cited by 377
Self-citationHuman tendon behaviour and adaptation, in vivo
Magnusson, S. P., Narici, M. V., Maganaris, C. N., & Kjaer, M. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.139105 · Cited by 330
Self-citationInfluence of aging on the in vivo properties of human patellar tendon
Carroll, C. C., Dickinson, J. M., Haus, J. M., Lee, G. A., Hollon, C. J., Aagaard, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Trappe, T. A. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00059.2008 · Cited by 186
Self-citationTendon properties in relation to muscular activity and physical training
Magnusson, S. P., Hansen, P., & Kjær, M. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.00308.x · Cited by 166
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Magnusson, S. P., Hansen, P., Aagaard, P., Brønd, J., Dyhre‐Poulsen, P., Bojsen‐Moller, J., & Kjaer, M.
- Venue
- Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-01-28
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 185-195
- ISSN
- 0001-6772 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-201X
- OpenAlex
- W2070354498
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 12.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Differential strain patterns of the human gastrocnemius aponeurosis and free tendon, in vivo. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01048.x
- The paper
- Magnusson, S. P., Hansen, P., Aagaard, P., Brønd, J., Dyhre‐Poulsen, P., Bojsen‐Moller, J., & Kjaer, M. (2003). Differential strain patterns of the human gastrocnemius aponeurosis and free tendon, in vivo. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01048.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
