In Vitro fatigue of Human Tendons
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the fatigue behaviour of human tendons in vitro. The testing was accomplished with the use of specially designed grips and the local measurement of tendon cross-sectional area. Ninety specimens prepared from Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) tendons of the foot were subjected to a cyclic square tension-tension stress waveform at physiological frequencies. The maximum tensile stress was normalised to values corresponding to prescribed levels between 10% and 90% of the calculated ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 100 MPa. The minimum stress was set at 1% of the UTS. A replication of 10 specimens per stress level allowed the use of statistical models for the distribution of fatigue life. Results followed a linear model, of form S = 101.3 - 14.8 log(N), relating the normalised stress to the median number of cycles to failure, therefore suggesting the absence of an endurance limit. The Weibull distribution was found to describe adequately the probability of failure at each stress level. A model which takes into account in vivo healing was proposed. This model was able to explain the presence of intact tendons throughout the lifetime of an individual.
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High cyclic loading or stress might decrease the number of cycles to cause fatigue failure of ligament and tendon and result in faster rupture.
“Previous studies (Schechtman and Bader, 1997; Adeeb et al., 2004; Lipps et al., 2013; Purevsuren et al., 2017) reported a high cyclic loading or stress might decrease the number of cycles to cause fatigue failure of ligament and tendon and result in a faster rupture.”
From The Femoral Tunnel Drilling Angle at 45° Coronal and 45° Sagittal Provided the Lowest Peak Stress and Strain on the Bone Tunnels and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft (2021) · cites this paper as Schechtman and Bader, 1997
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Effects of cyclic loading on the mechanical properties and failure of human patellar tendon
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Cumulative Metrics of Tendon Load and Damage Vary Discordantly with Running Speed
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Biochemical and Biomechanical Analysis of Tendons of Caged and Penned Chickens
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Mechanical response of tendon subsequent to ramp loading to varying strain limits
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Geometric and Elastic Properties of in vivo Human Achilles Tendon in Young Adults
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Structural and material properties of human foot tendons
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Fatigue is More Damaging than Creep in Ligament Revealed by Modulus Reduction and Residual Strength
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Immature bovine cartilage wear by fatigue failure and delamination
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Biomechanical responses of different rat tendons to nandrolone decanoate and load exercise
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Fatigue Injury Risk in Anterior Cruciate Ligament of Target Side Knee during golf Swing
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Tensile fatigue strength and endurance limit of human meniscus
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Patterns of Recurrence of Phonotraumatic Vocal Fold Lesions Suggest Distinct Mechanisms of Injury
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Measurement of stress–strain and vibrational properties of tendons
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Bioinspired 3D‐Printed Auxetic Structures with Enhanced Fatigue Behavior
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Can exercise modulate the maturation of functionally different immature tendons in the horse?
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Effect of Shoe and Surface Stiffness on Lower Limb Tendon Strain in Jumping
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A Longitudinal Assessment of Running Economy and Tendon Properties in Long-Distance Runners
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- Authors
- Schechtman, H., & Bader, D. L.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bader, D.L.
- Venue
- Journal of Biomechanics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 829-835
- ISSN
- 0021-9290 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065382062
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Biomechanics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Tendon Structure and Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Fatigue and fracture mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Elasticity and Material Modeling
- Keywords
- tendon fatigue, human tendon, extensor digitorum longus, cyclic tensile loading, fatigue life distribution, Weibull distribution, fatigue limit, ultimate tensile strength, tendon healing
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Foot, Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Tendons, Tensile Strength, Muscle Fatigue, In Vitro Techniques
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