Apex marine predator declines ninety percent in association with changing oceanic climate
Abstract
Three time series of pelagic bird abundance collected in disparate portions of the California Current reveal a 90% decline in Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) abundance between 1987 and 1994. This decline is negatively correlated with a concurrent rise in sea‐surface temperatures; Sooty Shearwaters have declined while sea temperatures have risen. There is a nine‐month lag in the response by shearwaters to changing temperatures. The geographical scale of our study demonstrates that the decline of Sooty Shearwaters is not a localized phenomenon, nor can it be ascribed to a short‐term distributional shift. The Sooty Shearwater is the numerically dominant species of the California Current System (CCS) in summer (austral winter), with an estimated population in the late 1970s of 5 million individuals. If the observed warming of the waters of the California Current System is an irreversible manifestation of a changing global climate, then the impact upon Sooty Shearwater populations seems likely to be profound.
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Ocean warming associated with climate change has precipitated bottom-up trophic cascades that have restructured both benthic and pelagic food webs and driven declines in shearwaters and auklets.
“More recently, ocean warming associated with climate change has precipitated bottom-up trophic cascades, analogous to those proposed here for terrestrial systems, which have restructured both benthic and pelagic food webs and driven declines in shearwaters and auklets (112–114).”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [112]
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“Studies of seabird communities were initiated in 1987 and now provide a 25-year time series for these taxa (Hyrenbach and Veit, 2003; Veit et al., 1996, 1997).”
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“If there is an alteration of the structure and abundance of prey communities (Hayward 1997; McGowan et al. 1998; Edwards and Richardson 2004; Winder and Schindler 2004), it would potentially affect the dynamics of predator populations (Veit et al. 1997).”
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“…System off Western North America, longterm ocean warming has affected the community composition and abundance of seabirds in offshore waters (Veit et al. 1996, 1997), with an overall decline in numbers resulting from fewer cold-water associated pursuit-diving seabirds despite the increase…”
BackgroundParrish, J. K., & Zador, S. G. (2003) · Estuaries · doi:10.1007/bf02803362 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Critically endangered bird populations and their management
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Climate change, phenology and the nature of consumer–resource interactions
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“Despite the many assumptions and methodological challenges in comparing the historical and recent data, the overall pattern of decline in burrow density they show is consistent with all the other evidence that has been reported from beach patrol counts, atsea counts, burrow-occupancy changes, and harvest rates (Veit e…”
ResultEngland biodiversity strategy- towards adaptation to climate change
Mitchell, R. J., Morecroft, M. D., Mountford, O., Acreman, M., Ross, L. C., Maclean, I. M. D., Crick, H. Q. P., Rehfisch, M. M., Piper, J. M., & Wilson, E. O. (2006) · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mapping and monitoring bird populations: their conservation uses
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Spear, L. B., & Ainley, D. G. (2008) · Marine ornithology · doi:10.5038/2074-1235.36.2.781 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…of the upper trophic levels of the world’s oceans, including the PCS and other eastern boundary currents, and those changes have nothing to do with climate change, although effects from climate change could have had their own impacts (e.g. McGowan et al. 1996, 1998; Veit et al. 1996, 1997).”
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“Possible mechanisms for this global decline are climate change, exerting its effects through oceanic food chains (Veit et al. 1996, 1997; Guinet et al. 1998) and high adult mortality rates resulting from fisheries bycatch (Ogi et al. 1991; De Grange et al. 1993; Scofield and Hunter, unpublished).”
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Climate-Driven Range Shifts Within Benthic Habitats Across a Marine Biogeographic Transition Zone
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“Temporal changes in species abundances within populations have also been recorded for coastal birds (Lusk et al., 2001; Thompson and Ollason, 2001; Veit, 1997; Veit et al., 1996), mammals (Stenseth et al., 1999), zooplankton (Roemmich and MacGowan, 1995), intertidal invertebrates (Barry et al.,…”
Impacts of marine heatwaves may be mediated by seabird life history strategies
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Matauranga Maori, science and seabirds in New Zealand
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Population Ecology and Structural Dynamics of Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)
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“Recent shifts in the abundance of the Sooty Shearwater on the western seaboard of North America, have highlighted potential dramatic impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems (Veit et al. 1997; Wahl and Tweit 2000; Oedekoven et al. 2001; Hyrenbach and Veit 2003).”
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“…unexploited species of marine mammals and seabirds also show variability in population and reproductive success, alongshore migration, and seasonality and spatial zonation of their reproductive activity (e.g., Abraham and Sydeman 2004; Sydeman et al. 2001; Bertram et al. 2001; Veit et al. 1997).”
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Beach patrol records indicate a substantial decline in sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus) numbers
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Spatial variation in burrow entrance density of the sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus)
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- Authors
- VEIT, R., MCGOWAN, J., AINLEY, D., WAHL, T., & PYLE, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- H.T. Harvey & Associates (US)
- Point Blue Conservation Science (US)
- Corresponding author
- VEIT, RICHARD
- Venue
- Global Change Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-28
- ISSN
- 1354-1013 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2486
- OpenAlex
- W2123890019
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Global Change Biology (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Keywords
- sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus, population decline (ecology), sea surface temperature, ocean warming, California Current System, pelagic seabirds, climate change, population time series
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