The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The biology of the combretastatins as tumour vascular targeting agents
Open accessAbstract
Summary: The tumour vasculature is an attractive target for therapy. Combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4) and A‐1 (CA‐1) are tubulin binding agents, structurally related to colchicine, which induce vascular‐mediated tumour necrosis in animal models. CA‐1 and CA‐4 were isolated from the African bush willow, Combretum caffrum, and several synthetic analogues are also now available, such as the Aventis Pharma compound, AVE8062. More soluble, phosphated, forms of CA‐4 (CA‐4‐P) and CA‐1 (CA‐1‐P) are commonly used for in vitro and in vivo studies. These are cleaved to the natural forms by endogenous phosphatases and are taken up into cells. The lead compound, CA‐4‐P, is currently in clinical trial as a tumour vascular targeting agent. In animal models, CA‐4‐P causes a prolonged and extensive shut‐down of blood flow in established tumour blood vessels, with much less effect in normal tissues. This paper reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of action of the combretastatins and their therapeutic potential.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth
O'Reilly, M. S., Boehm, T., Shing, Y., Fukai, N., Vasios, G., Lane, W. S., Flynn, E., Birkhead, J. R., Olsen, B. R., & Folkman, J. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81848-6 · Cited by 4,486
Antiangiogenic therapy of experimental cancer does not induce acquired drug resistance
Boehm, T., Folkman, J., Browder, T., & O'Reilly, M. S. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37126 · Cited by 1,683
Microtubules and signal transduction
Gundersen, G. G., & Cook, T. A. (1999) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(99)80010-6 · Cited by 407
Endothelial-cell proliferation in experimental tumours
Denekamp, J., & Hobson, B. (1982) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1982.263 · Cited by 237
Cited by
Microtubules as a target for anticancer drugs
Jordan, M. A., & Wilson, L. (2004) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1317 · Cited by 4,000
Anti‐mitotic activity of colchicine and the structural basis for its interaction with tubulin
Bhattacharyya, B., Panda, D., Gupta, S., & Banerjee, M. (2008) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.20097 · Cited by 499
SuFEx Click Chemistry Enabled Late-Stage Drug Functionalization
Liu, Z., Li, J., Li, S., Li, G., Sharpless, K. B., & Wu, P. (2018) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.7b12788 · Cited by 319
Horin, L. J., Sonnett, M., Li, B., & Mitchison, T. J. (2025) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.22.632572 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- TOZER, G. M., KANTHOU, C., PARKINS, C. S., & HILL, S. A.
- Venue
- International Journal of Experimental Pathology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-38
- ISSN
- 0959-9673 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2613
- OpenAlex
- W1725865716
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 5.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The biology of the combretastatins as tumour vascular targeting agents. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1365-2613.2002.00211.x
- The paper
- TOZER, G. M., KANTHOU, C., PARKINS, C. S., & HILL, S. A. (2002). The biology of the combretastatins as tumour vascular targeting agents. International Journal of Experimental Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2613.2002.00211.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
